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Blue Book Flashcards

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1
Q

in abruptio placenta the placenta ____ from the uterine wall _____

A

Separates

prematurely

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2
Q

Abruptio placenta usually occurs in (prima/multi) gravida over the age of ____

A

Multigravida
35
(HTN, Trauma, Cocaine)

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3
Q

How is the bleeding of abruptio placenta different from that in placenta previa

A

usually painful; bleeding is more voluminous in placenta previa

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4
Q

If you are the nurse starting an IV on the client with abruptia placenta, what gauge needle should you use?

A

18 in preparation to give blood if necessary

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5
Q

how often should you measure the VS, vaginal bleeding, fetal HR during abruptio placenta?

A

q5-15 minutes for bleeding, maternal VS and continous fetal monitoring

deliver baby at earliest sign of fetal distress

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6
Q

how is an infant delivered when abruptio placenta is present?

A

C - section

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7
Q

Is there a higher or lower incidence of fetal death with abruptio placenta compares to placenta previa

A

higher

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8
Q

in what trimester does abruptio placenta most commonly occur?

A

third

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9
Q

at what age are accidental poisoning most common?

A

2 years old

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10
Q

if a child swallows potentially poisonous substance, what should be done first?

A

call for medical help

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11
Q

should vomiting be induced after ingestion of gasoline?

A

no - not for gas or other petroleum products

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12
Q

when taking a child to the ER after accidental poisoning has occurred what must accompany the child to the ER?

A

The suspected poison

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13
Q

An elderly client is (high/low) risk for accidental poisoning? what about a school age child?

A

high due to poor eyesight for elderly

also high for children

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14
Q

what types of chemicals cause burns to oral mucosa when ingested?

A

lye

caustic cleaners

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15
Q

children at highest risk for seizure activity after ingestion are those who have swallowed ___ and ____

A

drugs

insecticides

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16
Q

can impaired skin integrity ever be an appropriate nursing diagnosis when poisoning has occurred?

A

yes when lye or caustic agents have been ingested

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17
Q

what is the causative organism of acne?

A

P. acnes (propionibacterium acnes)

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18
Q

what structures are involved in acne vulgaris

A

the sebaceous glands

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19
Q

name 3 drugs for acne

A

Vitamin A
antibiotics
retinoids

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20
Q

Dietary and indiscretions and uncleanliness are causes of acne (true or false)

A

False

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21
Q

what are the 3 causative factors in acne vulgaris

A

Hereditary
bacterial
hormonal

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22
Q

What is the most common retinoid given to people with acne

A

Accutane

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23
Q

Accutane is an analog of which vitamin

A

Vit A

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24
Q

What is the most common side effect of accutane? and what is most important in health teaching in administration?

A

inflammation of the lips

causes birth defects

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25
what is the antibiotic most commonly given to clients with acne
tetracycline
26
How long will it take for the person to see results when acne is being treated
4-6 weeks
27
does stress make acne worse
yes
28
how often should the client with acne wash their face each day
twice
29
what instructions do you give to a client taking tetracycline
take on an empty stomach and avoid the sunlight (causes photosensitivity)
30
What are comedones?
blackheads and white heads
31
What virus causes AIDS
HIV
32
The AIDS virus invades helper ____
T- lymphocytes (or CD4 cells)
33
Aids is transmissible through what 4 routes?
Blood sexual contact breast feeding across placenta in utero
34
HIV is present in all body fluids (true or false)
True, but it is not transmitted by all, only blood, semen and breast milk
35
Name 5 risk groups for AIDS
``` homosexual/ bisexual men IV drug users hemophillacs heterosexual partners of infected people newborn children of infected women ```
36
what is the first test for HIV antibodies
ELISA
37
What test confirms ELISA
Western Blot
38
Which test is the best indicator of the progress of HIV
CD4 count
39
A CD4 count of under ____ is associated with the onset of AIDS related symptoms
500
40
A CD4 count of under ____ is associated with the onset of opportunistic infections
200
41
List the common symptoms of HIV
``` anorexia fatigue weakness diarrhea night sweats fever ```
42
Which 2 classes of drugs are given in combination for HIV sero-positivity
NRTIs (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors) and PI (protease inhibitors) these prevent viral replication
43
NRTIs (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors)
An antiviral drug used against HIV it is incorporated into the DNA of the virus and stops the building process Results in incomplete DNA that cannot create a new virus often used in combination with other drugs
44
PIs (Protease inhibitors)
most potent of antiviral meds inhibit cell protein synthesis that interferes with viral replication does not cure but slows progression of AIDS prolongs life, used prophylactically and used in AIDS to decrease viral load and opportunistic infections
45
What do NRTIs and PIs do
prevent viral replication
46
What does the physician hope to achieve with NRTIs and PIs for HIV
A delayed onset of AIDS for as long as possible (usually can delay onset for 10-15 years)
47
What is the most common NRTI used?
AZT
48
what is the most challenging aspect of combination of drug therapy for HIV disease
the number of pills that must be taken in 24 hours can be overwhelming. the frequency also makes it hard to remember an alarm wristwatch is used
49
Patients with AIDS gain or lose weight?
lose weight
50
The typical pneumonia of AIDS is caused by ____
pneumocystic carinli
51
What type of oral/ esophageal infections do AIDS patients get
Candida
52
What is the #1 cancer that AIDS patients get
Kaposi sarcoma
53
Kaposi sarcoma is a cancer of the ____
skin
54
T/F: Aids patients get lymphomas
True
55
What lab findings are present in AIDS
decreased RBCs, WBC, platelets
56
If the AIDS patient has leukopenia they will be on _____
reverse (protective) isolation
57
Define leukopenia
decrease in WBC, indicates a viral infection
58
Without leukopenia the AIDS patient will be on ____ precautions
standard precautions or blood and body fluid precautions
59
When the AIDS pt has a low platelet count, what is indicated?
bleeding precautions; no IMs, no rectal temps, other bleeding precautions
60
Does AIDS require a private room?
yes if WBC counts are low

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