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2024 y10 > Blue Planet test > Flashcards

Blue Planet test Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 spheres of the earth?

A
  1. hydrosphere
  2. lithosphere
  3. biosphere
  4. atmosphere
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2
Q

Hydrosphere

A
  • the biggest sphere
  • where all water on our earth is found
    -oceans, streams, lakes, and rivers and ice
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3
Q

Lithosphere

A

The lithosphere is the solid, outer part of Earth. The lithosphere includes the upper portion of the mantle and the crust, the outermost layers of Earth’s structure. It contains land rocks and minerals

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4
Q

biosphere

A

-a global ecosystem made up of living organisms

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5
Q

atmosphere

A

-made of the layers of gases surrounding a planet
- the thinnest layer

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6
Q

How is the atmosphere broken up?

A

The atmosphere is broken up into many different layers:
Troposphere: lowest level in the atmosphere, contains 80% of the air and where weather hppens
Stratosphere:(absorbs harmful rays from the sun)
Mesosphere: coldest layer no breathable air
thermosphere: highest you can go an still be on earth it deals with intense amounts of heat and radiation from the sun

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7
Q

What does the atmosphere comprise of?

A

-02 allows organisms to respire
- 03 protects from uv
-c02
- h20
-n2

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8
Q

The oxygen cycle

A

-the movement between biotic and abiotic factors
-21% atmosphere is oxygen
-33% hydrosphere is oxygen
-22% biosphere is oxygen
- oxygen exists as 02,03,h20 and co2

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9
Q

the movement of oxygen

A

-atoms->litho->bio
-sources of oxygen production are plants sunlight reacting with water vapor

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10
Q

oxygen is removed form the atmosphere through..

A
  • decay organisms
  • cellular respiration
  • weathering of exposed rocks
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11
Q

Three important processes of the oxygen cycle

A
  1. photosynthesis
  2. cellular respiration
  3. Photolysis
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12
Q
  1. photosynthesis LEARN EQAUTIONS
A

The process plants use to synthesis oxygen and sugar

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13
Q
  1. cellular respiration LEARN EQAUTIONS
A

the process by which cells derive energy from glucose

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14
Q
  1. Photolysis
A

uv light breaks down water into oxygen and hydrogen

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15
Q

why is bacteria vital in the nitrogen cycle

A

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil and within the root convert nitrogen gas in the atmosphere to ammonia. Nitrifying bacteria convert ammonia to nitrites or nitrates. Ammonia, nitrites, and nitrates are all fixed nitrogen and can be absorbed by plants. it supply plants with the vital nutrient that they cannot obtain from the air themselves

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16
Q

nitrogen fixing bacteria

A

root nodules of certain plants.

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17
Q

denitrifying bacteria

A

return nitrogen back to the atmosphere

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18
Q

how does human activity affect the nitrogen cycle

A

fossil fuels emissions
and run off from fertilizers

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19
Q

the four main steps in the phosphorus cycle

A
  1. weathering
  2. absorption
  3. decompitison
  4. Sediment
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20
Q

the three most important bacteria’s in the nitrogen cycle

A

Nitrite
nitrate
ammonia

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21
Q

How can phosphorous effect the water ways

A

run of can lead to excessive levels of phosphorus in waterways which results in a aquatic plants which results in the consumption of oxygen with in the environment an suffocates fish and blocks sunlight this is called eutrophication

22
Q

eutrophication

A

he process in which a water body becomes overly enriched with nutrients, leading to algae and other bacteria growth

23
Q

how can human activity effects the phosphorus cycle

A

Human actions—mining phosphorus and transporting it in fertilizers, animal feeds, agricultural crops, and other productsare altering the global P cycle, causing P to accumulate in some of the world’s soil.

24
Q

weathering

A

the minerals containing p enter water ways

25
Q

absorption

A

animals and plants absorb p from water and soil,

26
Q

decomposition

A

animals and plants decay and decompose into p and other basic elements

27
Q

sediment

A

the basic elements settle back into the rocks

28
Q

weathering vs climate

A

Weather refers to short term atmospheric conditions while climate is the weather of a specific region averaged over a long period of time.

29
Q

l>g

A

evaporation

30
Q

g>L

A

condensation

31
Q

l>s

A

freezing

32
Q

how are clouds made

A

water evaporates from a body of water then transpiration is the evaporation of water vapor from plants water vapor rises until it reaches the cooler parts of the atmosphere the water vapor condenses back into water and drops of water form clouds

33
Q

carbon sink

A

is any feature of the environment that absorbs and or stores carbon

34
Q

example of carbon sinks

A

-forests
-the ocean it absorbs more c02 making it more acidic
-rocks(limestone and marble)
-decomposed organic matter

35
Q

the main green house gases

A

Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Methane (CH4)
water vapor (h20)

36
Q

Carbon dioxide (CO2)
main source

A

fossil fuels

37
Q

main source
Methane (CH4)

A

methane emissions is agriculture, responsible for around one quarter of emissions, closely followed by the energy sector, which includes emissions from coal, oil, natural gas and biofuels.

38
Q

water vapor (h20) main source

A

Water vapor, a major greenhouse gas, mainly comes from natural sources like evaporation from oceans and plants. Human activities also contribute through industrial processes and fossil fuel burning.

39
Q

natural enhanced green house effect

A

the enhanced greenhouse effect is where extra greenhouse gases in our atmosphere trap too much of the Sun’s energy.

40
Q

enhanced greenhouse effect

A

extra gases produced by human activity eg burning fossil fuels, including coal and oil,

41
Q

Melting sea ice enhanced global warming

A
  • the ocean is important to regulating global temp because the ocean is a reflective surface it helps aid this
42
Q

rising sea levels

A

over the past 100 years there has been a dramatic increase due to enhanced global warming melting of ice caps

43
Q

evidence of enhanced global warming co2 and ch4

A

pon escaping into the atmosphere, greenhouse gases act as a blanket insulating the Earth, absorbing energy and slowing the rate at which heat leaves the planet.

44
Q

why is the greenhouse effect important to sustain life

A

Greenhouse gases’ are crucial to keeping our planet at a suitable temperature for life. Without the natural greenhouse effect, the heat emitted by the Earth would simply pass outwards from the Earth’s surface into space and the Earth would have an average temperature of about -20°C.

45
Q

how enhanced global warming has affected health

A

higher temps lead to more heat related deaths
also humid and moist conditions causing the speard of dieses like malaria

46
Q

how enhanced global warming has affected loss of bio diversity

A

loss of species will effect the survival of another specie

47
Q

how enhanced global warming has affected weather patterns

A

the warming of our planet is changing our climate. Our weather systems are being affected – patterns of rain and wind are changing and extreme weather events are increasing in frequency and intensity

48
Q

There are three major reservoirs of oxygen (shepre

A

: the atmosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere.

49
Q

the significance of carbon

A

regulate the Earth’s temperature,

50
Q

photosynthesis equation

A

6CO2+H2O->C6H12O6+6O2

51
Q

cellular respiration equation

A

C6H12O6+6O2->6H2O+energy

52
Q

photolysis equation

A

2H2O->4H+O2

2024 y10 (2 decks)

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