Blunt And Penetrating

Question 1

What is worse? Blunt or penetrating trauma?

Answer 1

Blunt

Question 2

What is the most common cause of trauma death and disability?

Answer 2

Blunt trauma

Question 3

Double weight = _______ energy

Answer 3

Quadruple

Question 4

What occurs in blunt injury?

Answer 4

Tearing of muscle, vessels, and bone
Rupture of solid organs
Organ injury

Question 5

What are the two types of impacts that happen the most?

Answer 5

Frontal and lateral

Question 6

What type of fracture occurs in an up and over impact?

Answer 6

Bilateral femur

Question 7

What injuries can be sustained from lateral impact?

Answer 7

Spleen fracture, ruptured diaphragm

Question 8

Which wave in a blast creates structural collapse and blast wind?

Answer 8

Pressure wave

Question 9

Which phase of a blast contains trauma caused by projectiles?

Answer 9

Secondary

Question 10

What fall height meets the criteria for adult trauma?

Answer 10

Greater than 20 ft

Question 11

What is compartment syndrome?

Answer 11

Any condition in which a structure such as a nerve or tendon is being constricted in a space

Question 12

What is a crush syndrome?

Answer 12

The result of prolonged continuous pressure on a large muscle - muscle disintegrates

Question 13

What is the criteria protocol for a crush injury?

Answer 13

Compression of injuries of limbs/torso for one hour or more

Question 14

What is the protocol for crush injuries if entrapment is less than 1 hour?

Answer 14

NS IV titrated to keep BP greater than 90

Question 15

What is the protocol for a crush injury if entrapment is greater than 1 hour?

Answer 15

NS IV run at 1000 ml/hr

Add 59 MEQ sodium bicarbonate to even liters of IV fluids (2nd, 4th, etc)

Question 16

What weapons are examples of low energy/low velocity?

Answer 16

Knives and arrows

Question 17

What causes trajectory?

Answer 17

Velocity

Question 18

The ______ the object, the straighter the trajectory.

Answer 18

Faster

Question 19

____ is wind resistance.

Answer 19

Drag

Question 20

What is cavitation?

Answer 20

Formation of a partial vacuum and cavity within a semi-fluid medium

Question 21

What is a profile?

Answer 21

Size and shape of a projectile as it contacts a target

Question 22

The larger the profile, the_____ the energy exchange.

Answer 22

Greater

Question 23

How can bullet length affect tumbling?

Answer 23

Longer bullet, increase of tumbling

Question 24

Powder burns indicate wound is a?

Answer 24

Entrance wound

Question 25

When should impaled objects be removed?

Answer 25

When in mouth or if object interferes with CPR

Question 26

What is the critical trauma criteria?

Answer 26

Persistent AMS or CGS less than 14 MVC (death of another occupant in vehicle, ejection, intrusion greater than 12 inches) Fall greater than 20 ft Fractures (two or more proximal long bones; flail chest; pelvic; skull)

Question 27

How can bullet length affect tumbling?

Answer 27

Longer bullet, increase of tumbling

Question 28

Powder burns indicate wound is a?

Answer 28

Entrance wound

Question 29

When should impaled objects be removed?

Answer 29

When in mouth or if object interferes with CPR

Question 30

What is the critical trauma criteria?

Answer 30

Persistent AMS or CGS less than 14 MVC (death of another occupant in vehicle, ejection, intrusion greater than 12 inches) Fall greater than 20 ft Fractures (two or more proximal long bones; flail chest; pelvic; skull)

Question 31

The force developed in a vehicle collision depends on?

Answer 31

The velocity of travel and the stopping distance

Question 32

What are air bags also known as?

Answer 32

Supplemental restraint systems

Question 33

Air bags are extremely effective in what type of collision?

Answer 33

Frontal

Question 34

What is an evisceration?

Answer 34

An organ protruding through the abdomen

Question 35

What are the mesentary vessels?

Answer 35

Vessels that provide blood for the intestines

Question 36

How should a completely amputated body part be cared for?

Answer 36

Wrap in a dry sterile dressing and place in a plastic bag

Question 37

How should a partial amputation be treated?

Answer 37

Immobilize with bulky dressings and splint

Question 38

In more rural areas, anticipate a greater percentage of ______ impacts with corresponding reductions in other categories.

Answer 38

Frontal

Question 39

Possible bilateral fractures, hollow organ rupture and liver laceration is seen with which type of impact pathway?

Answer 39

Up-and-over

Question 40

What is axial loading?

Answer 40

Application of the forces of trauma along the axis of the spine; this often results in compression fractures of the spine

Question 41

In which impact pathway is axial loading seen?

Answer 41

Up-and-over

Question 42

Lower limb dislocations, flail chest, myocardial contusions, and aortic tears are commonly seen with which type of impact pathway?

Answer 42

Down and under

Question 43

Which impact pathway is responsible for about 27 percent of vehicular fatalities?

Answer 43

Ejection

Question 44

Maintain a higher index of suspicion of serious injury when assessing ______ impact collisions because the degree of injury may be greater than the damage alone would indicate.

Answer 44

Lateral

Question 45

In a _____ impact, an occupants stopping distance is much greater, deceleration is more gradual, and injuries are generally less serious.

Answer 45

Rotational

Question 46

What does intrusion from an impact indicate?

Answer 46

The presence of forces greater than those that could be absorbed by the crumple zone

Question 47

What is an oxidizer?

Answer 47

An agent that enhances combustion of a fuel

Question 48

The lethal range for a pen explosive charge increases _____ with an underwater explosion.

Answer 48

Threefold

Question 49

What are ordnance?

Answer 49

Military weapons and munitions

Question 50

Why are the effects of explosive devices usually limited?

Answer 50

The pressure wave and debris radiate outward in all directions from a central point

Question 51

What type of blasts are considered the most lethal?

Answer 51

Blast causing structural collapse followed by those involving confined spaces

Question 52

What should be determined during the scene size up of a blast?

Answer 52

The location of the epicenter

Question 53

What is the most common trauma with explosions?

Answer 53

Lung injury