BM1011 Flashcards
(37 cards)
What is the main cation found inside cells?
Potassium.
What are the 4 tissue types?
- Epithelium.
- Connective.
- Muscle.
- Nervous.
What are the roles and characteristics of connective tissue?
- Made up of a matrix consisting of living cells and non-living substance, called ground substance. The ground substance is made up of an organic substance (usually a protein) and an inorganic substance (usually mineral or water).
- The principal of connective tissue is the fibroblast.
- Loose, dense, bone, blood, protein and liquid.
What are the roles and characteristics of muscle tissue?
Composed of cells that shorten or contract to produce movement.
- 3 types of muscle tissue: Skeletal, smooth and cardiac.
- Skeletal: Attached to bones and allows movement.
- Smooth: Found in the digestive tract, uterus and blood vessels, arteries.
- Cardiac: Specific to the heart.
What are the roles and characteristics of nervous tissue?
- Found in the brain, spinal cord and nerves.
- Gives electrical signals to the muscle.
- Coordinating and controlling body activities.
What elements that make up a protein?
-Carbon.
-Hydrogen.
-Oxygen.
-Nitrogen.
(CHON).
What elements make up fats?
-Carbon.
-Hydrogen.
-Oxygen.
(CHO).
What elements make up carbohydrates?
-Carbon.
-Hydrogen.
-Oxygen.
(CHO).
Are proteins polar or non-polar?
Non-polar.
Are fats polar or non-polar?
Non-polar.
Are carbohydrates polar or non-polar?
Polar.
What does polar and non-polar mean?
Polar means oppositely charged, whereas non-polar means equally charged.
What is the role of proteins in the body?
Proteins do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs.
What is the role of fats in the body?
Fat helps the body absorb vitamin A, vitamin B and vitamin E.
What is the role of carbohydrates in the body?
Carbohydrates provide the body with glucose, which is converted to energy used to support bodily functions and physical activity.
What are the roles and characteristics of epithelial tissue?
-Made up of keratinocytes.
-Covers the whole body and lines the chambers and outside of the heart.
Cellularity, polarity, attachment, vascularity and regeneration.
What are the three main parts of a cell?
Cell membrane, nucleus and cytoplasm.
What are the two major stages to making a protein?
Transcription and translation.
What is the first step of making a protein?
Transcription.
DNA sequence is transcribed (or copied) into RNA molecule with the help of enzyme RNA polymerase.
What is the second step of making a protein?
Translation.
Cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA (mRNA).
What is the role of enzyme RNA polymerase?
Enzyme responsible for copying a DNA sequence into RNA sequence, during the process of transcription.
What is the role of ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate.
Energy carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things.
How do nervous signals make muscles contract?
Nervous system signal reaches neuromuscular junction,
a chemical message is released by the motor neuron. Neurotransmitter called acetylcholine binds to receptors on the outside of the muscle fiber.
How do nervous signals control organs?
The nervous system uses specialised cells called neurons to send signals or messages all over the body. These electrical signals travel between the brain, skin, organs, glands and muscles.
