BM212 Immunology

Question 1

Name the parts of the lymph node

Answer 1

Paracortical area
Germinal centre
Medullary sinus
Marginal sinus

Question 2

In which location is antigen presentation to lymphocytes most likely to occur

Answer 2

Lymph nodes

Question 3

What is the role of High Endothelial Venules (HEV)

Answer 3

To allow the passage of lymphocytes from the blood into the lymph nodes

Question 4

Which route do T+B cells use to leave the lymph nodes

Answer 4

Efferent lymphatic vessel

Question 5

Give examples of secondary lymphoid organs

Answer 5

Spleen, Peyers patches, tonsils, lymph nodes

Question 6

Which antibody is most important in protecting against gut infections

Answer 6

IgA

Question 7

Which antibody is most abundant in our body fluids

Answer 7

IgG

Question 8

Which antibody is predominantly present in breast milk and colostrum

Answer 8

IgA

Question 9

Which cell interacts with B cells via a CD40 receptor

Answer 9

CD4+ T Cell

Question 10

Which immune cell recognises antigen presented in MHC-I

Answer 10

CD8+ T cell

Question 11

Which immune cell recognises antigen presented in MHC-II

Answer 11

CD4+ T cell

Question 12

Which cell generates symptoms commonly associated with asthma

Answer 12

Mast cells

Question 13

Which antigen requires the aid of a T-Cell to induce formation of an antibody?

Answer 13

Thymus Dependent Antigen

Question 14

Which cell type processes antigens?

Answer 14

Dendritic cells

Question 15

What is the first antibody expresses on a B cell

Answer 15

IgM

Question 16

The specific part of an antigen that an antibody binds to is known as what?

Answer 16

The epitope

Question 17

Which antibody is primarily involved in allergic reaction and how do they bind?

Answer 17

IgE

IgE antibodies bind to mast cells + basophils, causing the release of inflammatory substances such as histamine.

Question 18

Describe the role of histamine

Answer 18

A cell signalling molecule that causes vasodilation and increased capillary permeability to increase nutrients and leukocytes to an injured area as part of the inflammatory response.

Question 19

What T-helper subset produces IL-4 + IL-5

Answer 19

Th2

Question 20

What T-helper subset activates macrophages and how?

Answer 20

Th1

Due to the production of IF gamma, a cytokine which activates macrophages

Question 21

What is the name of the small proteins secreted by virus-containing cells?

Answer 21

Interfreron

Question 22

Describe the role of perforin?

Answer 22

Perforin is released by cytotoxic-T cells and forms pores in the targets cell membrane, allowing entry of granzymes. Granzymes activate caspases, leading to apoptosis.

Question 23

Describe the structure of antibodies

Answer 23

They are composed of heavy and light polypeptide chains

Both chains form a Y shaped structure

The heavy chain determines the class or isotype of antibody

The light chain is responsible for antigen recognition and binding

Question 24

What class of MHC do immune cells such as macrophages, DC’s + B cells present

Answer 24

MHC II
(As they are presenting the phagocytosed pathogen)

Question 25

Where are T cells made and mature

Answer 25

Made in the bone marrow Mature in the thymus

Question 26

MHCII proteins mainly interact with which cell type?

Answer 26

Helper T cells

Question 27

What are cd4 and cd8 cells commonly known as?

Answer 27

cD4 = Helper T cells CD8 = Cytotoxic T cells (killer cells)

Question 28

What cell releases cytokines + chemokines initiating the inflammatory response

Answer 28

Macrophages

Question 29

What T-helper sunset produces Il-4 and IL-5

Answer 29

th2

Question 30

What T helper subset produces IFN-Gamma

Answer 30

th1