Bmat Biology

Question 1

Process of cell division in eukaryotic cells that result to growth

Answer 1

Mitosis

Question 2

What happens when a cells divides by mitosis

Answer 2

Nucleus breaks down
Dna from nucleus is split into two new identical nuclei
The cell then splits into two new daughter cells

Question 3

Cytokinesis

Answer 3

When the cell splits into two new daughter cells

Question 4

Interphase

Answer 4

Period of preparation for cell division

Question 5

What happens during interphase

Answer 5

Cell grows
Chromosomes in the nucleus are replicated
Cell respires to provide energy for mitosis

Question 6

How does mitosis aid in asexual reproduction

Answer 6

Asexual reproduction uses mitosis to create identical copes of the parent cell, and therefore of the parent organism

Question 7

Eukaryotic organisms reproduce by which form of cell division

Answer 7

Meiosis

Question 8

Diploid

Answer 8

Plants and animals whose zygotes contain two full sets of chromosomes

Question 9

How many chromosomes does each gamete contain

Answer 9

23

Question 10

How many pairs of chromosomes does a zygote contain

Answer 10

23 pairs and therefore 46 individual chromosomes

Question 11

Gametes are produced by…

Answer 11

Meiosis

Question 12

Mature gametes(sex cells) with only one set of chromosome

Answer 12

Haploid

Question 13

What happens when the water content in the blood is low

Answer 13

More adh is released
More water reabsorbed by the kidneys

Question 14

Heterozygous

Answer 14

When an organism has different alleles(versions) of a gene

Question 15

Homozygous

Answer 15

When an organism has two identical alleles(versions) of the same gene

Question 16

Asexual reproduction occurs by what process

Answer 16

Binary fission

Question 17

Binary fission

Answer 17

It is basically the separation of a cell into two new cells, by mitosis in asexual reproduction

Question 18

Which between y and X chromosomes have more genes

Answer 18

The X chromosomes

Question 19

What are the sex chromosomes of
A. Males
B. Females

Answer 19

XY
XX

Question 20

What diagrams can be used to show the probability that a child will be male or female

Answer 20

Punnett square diagrams

Question 21

Which type of human cells have no nucleus and so no chromosomes

Answer 21

Mature red blood cells

Question 22

Genotype

Answer 22

Alleles we have that control a characteristic

Question 23

How many alleles do we have per gene and why

Answer 23

Two alleles per gene
One is inherited from each parent

Question 24

Phenotype

Answer 24

They are the visible characteristics of an organism

Question 25

The dns stores information as a code called

Answer 25

The genetic code

Question 26

Are fat and protein molecules suspended or dissolved in the cytoplasm Which two substances are dissolved in the cytoplasm

Answer 26

Suspended Salt ions and sugar molecules

Question 27

Do mature red blood cells have mitochondria

Answer 27

No

Question 28

How many alleles do we have for each gene

Answer 28

Two alleles , one inherited from the mum and the other from the dad

Question 29

Genetic engineering

Answer 29

Involves taking a copy of a gene from one organism and inserting that gene into the DNA of another organism to create a genetically modified organism

Question 30

Genetically modified organisms are also known as

Answer 30

Transgenic organisms

Question 31

Process of genetic engineering of bacteria cells

Answer 31

1.A useful gene is cut from the DNA of an organism using the restriction enzyme 2.Restriction enzyme cuts the DNA in a staggered way leaving short sections of single stranded dna at each end of the gene. These are called sticky ends 3. The bacterial plasmid is cut open using the same restriction enzyme 4. Useful gene and plasmid are mixed and the gene is inserted into the plasmid. 5. The enzyme DNA ligase joins the useful gene and the plasmid together. The plasmid is now called a recombinant plasmid. 6. Recombinant plasmid is then inserted into a bacterial cell. The Plasmid acts as a vector, carrying the gene into the bacterial cell 7. The bacterial cells now becomes a GMO

Question 32

Why do we use the same restrictiction enzyme to cut both the plasmid and the useful gene

Answer 32

So that the sticky ends on the plasmid will have short sequences of bases that are complementary to those on the ends of the useful gene

Question 33

Adult stem cells are multipotent , what does this mean

Answer 33

They can differentiate into a small number of different cell types

Question 34

Is embryonic stem cells pluripotent or totipotent

Answer 34

Pluripotent

Question 35

Source of totipotent stem cells

Answer 35

The zygote

Question 36

Describe the process of selective breeding

Answer 36

Animals with a desirable characteristics are selected for breeding These animals are bred together The animals with the most desirable characteristics are selected from the offspring The selected offspring are bred together The cycle is repeated over many generations Over time the desirable characteristics starts to increase in the population

Question 37

Disadvantages of selective breeding

Answer 37

It reduces genetic variation with a population of animals Reduced ability to adapt to change in environment Ethical concerns about the effects of selective breeding on animals

Question 38

Inbreeding

Answer 38

Breeding closely related animals over many generations

Question 39

Where does aerobic respiration occur in eukaryotic organisms Prokaryotes

Answer 39

Inside the mitochondria In the cytoplasm

Question 40

Word equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 40

Glucose+ Oxygen-> carbon dioxide + water+ energy(in the form of atp)

Question 41

Which type of respiration produces less energy

Answer 41

Anaerobic respiration

Question 42

Word equation for anaerobic respiration

Answer 42

Glucose-> lactic acid + energy(atp)

Question 43

Which type of respiration is used during exercise

Answer 43

Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration depending on the intensity of the exercise

Question 44

The oxygen debt and it’s use

Answer 44

Extra oxygen taken in during rapid breathing after exercise. It’s used to oxidise toxic lactic acid , removing it from the body

Question 45

which part of a neurone connects it to other neurones

Answer 45

Dendrites

Question 46

do relay neurones have a myelin sheath

Answer 46

no they do not

Question 47

Is gamete production the only source of genetic variation?

Answer 47

No