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MCA > BMP Pruning Vocab > Flashcards

BMP Pruning Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Branch

A

A shoot or stem arising from another branch or stem

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2
Q

Branch bark ridge

A

Raised strip of bark at the top of a branch union where the growth and expansion of the trunk or parent stem and adjoining branch push the bark into a ridge

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3
Q

Branch collar

A

The area of swelling at the union between a parent stem and a smaller branch

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4
Q

Branch protection zone

A

Chemically and physically modified tissue within the trunk and parent branch at the base of a smaller, subordinate branch that retards the spread of discoloration and decay from the subordinate stem into the trunk or parent branch

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5
Q

Branch removal cut (previously termed a thinning cut or removal cut)

A

Pruning cut that removes the smaller of two branches at a union, or a parent stem. Removal cuts retain the branch bark ridge or branch collar and do not create a stub.

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6
Q

Cambium

A

Thin layer(s) of meristematic cells that give rise (outward) to the phloem and (inward) to the xylem, increasing stem and root diameter.

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7
Q

Clean

A

Arboriculture term used to describe selective pruning to remove one or more of the following: dead, diseased, infested, and/or broken branches

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8
Q

Climbing Spurs

A

Sharp, pointed devices strapped to a climbers lower legs to assist in climbing poles or trees being removed. Also called spikes, gaffs, irons, hooks, or climbers

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9
Q

Closure (wound closure, close)

A

The process in a wood plant by which wound wood grows over a pruning cut or injury

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10
Q

Codominant stem / Codominant branch

A

Two or more branches of similar diameter arising from a common union and lacking a collar.

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11
Q

Compartmentalization

A

Natural defense process in trees by which chemical and physical boundaries are created that act to limit the spread of disease and decay organisms

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12
Q

Crown

A

Upper part of a tree, measured from the lowest branch, including all the branches and foliage

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13
Q

Culm

A

The stem of a grass or sedge, including the woody, hollow aerial stem of bamboo

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14
Q

Decay

A

1(noun) an area of wood that is undergoing decomposition

2(verb) decomposition of organic tissues by fungi or bacteria

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15
Q

Directional Pruning

A

Selective removal of branches to guide and/or discourage growth in a particular direction

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16
Q

Dominant leader/trunk/stem

A

The stem that grows much larger than all other stems and branches

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17
Q

Frond

A

Large, divided leaf structure found in palms and ferns

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18
Q

Espalier

A

A pruning system that trains plants to grow within a plane, such as along a wall or a fence

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19
Q

Flush Cut

A

A pruning cut that removes the branch bark ridge and/or branch collar, damaging the trunk or parent branch

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20
Q

Good structure / architecture/ form

A

Branch and trunk architecture resulting in a canopy form that resists failure

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21
Q

Heading

A

A pruning cut that removes a branch or stem between nodes (leaving a stub), to a bud, or to a live branch that is less than one third the diameter of the branch or stem being removed

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22
Q

Included Bark

A

Bark that becomes embedded in a union (crotch) between branch and trunk or between Codominant stems. Causes a weakness in the union.

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23
Q

Lateral

A

A branch arising from a larger stem or branch

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24
Q

Leader

A

Primary terminal shoot or trunk of a tree. Large, usually upright stem. A stem that dominates a portion of the crown by surprising lateral branches.

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25
Q

Lion-Tailing

A

Excessive removal of lower or interior branches on main scaffolds that results in a concentration of growth and foliage at branch ends. It is considered an unacceptable practice.

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26
Q

Live Crown Ratio

A

The ratio of the height of the crown containing live foliage to the overall height of the tree

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27
Q

Mature Trees

A

Trees that have reached at least 75 percent of their typical final height and spread

28
Q

Mechanical pruning

A

Pruning with heavy equipment (not handheld) fitted with power saws or other cutting devices (e.g. saws mounted on booms or suspended from helicopter)

29
Q

Natural growth habit

A

The inherent characteristic growth pattern and habit (form) of a tree, shrub, or vine I. It’s current location

30
Q

Node

A

Slightly enlarged growth point on a stem where buds, shoots, and leaves arise

31
Q

Palm

A

Monocotyledonous plant of the Arecacear family, generally with one or more unbranched trunks, with fronds emanating from a meristem at the top of the trunk

32
Q

Palm Frond Skirt

A

One or more years accumulation of dead and drooping fronds at the bottom of the canopy and along the trunk of a palm

33
Q

Parent Branch or Stem

A

A tree trunk or branch from which other branches or shoots grow

34
Q

Peeling

A

1) removing dead petiole bases by cutting into live tissue (synonymous with shaving, skinning, or sanding). Not an acceptable practice

2) the tearing downward of bark or sapwood from the trunk or parent branch when the branch or stem was not precut

35
Q

Petiole

A

Stalk or support axis of a leaf

36
Q

Permanent branches

A

Branches that form the architectural framework of a tree. In structural pruning of trees, branches that will be left in place

37
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Process in green plants by which light energy is used to form sugars from water and carbon dioxide

38
Q

Phytotoxic

A

Term to describe a compound that is poisonous to a plants

39
Q

Pleaching

A

Pruning system that trains one or more plants to achieve a desired shape or form through a combination of pruning and interweaving or tying small branches to one another, or to a preformed frame

40
Q

Pollarding

A

A semi formal pruning system that maintains crown size by initial heading of branches on young trees or young portions of older trees, followed by removal of sprouts to their point of origin at appropriate intervals without disturbing the resulting pollard head.

41
Q

Pruning

A

The selective removal of plant parts to achieve defined objectives

42
Q

Reaction zone

A

Natural boundary formed chemically within a tree to separate damaged wood from existing healthy wood. Important in the process of compartmentalization.

43
Q

Reduce

A

Reduce the length of a stem or branch using a reduction cut

44
Q

Reduction Cut

A

A pruning cut that removes the larger of two or more branches or stems, or one or more Codominant stems, to a live lateral branch, typically at least one-third the diameter of the stem or branch being removed. Reduction cuts are referred to as branch reduction, reduction, or reduce (previously called cutting to a lateral)

45
Q

Rejuvenation

A

Removal of overmature , dead, or dying stems of a shrub, near the ground, to stimulate new stem development

46
Q

Restoring

A

The process of pruning to improve the structure, form, and appearance of trees that have been improperly trimmed, vandalized, or damaged.

47
Q

Retrenchment

A

Crown reduction process involving one or more pruning events to manage loss of support or crown decline.

48
Q

Sanitation Pruning

A

The removal of branches that are infested with insects or disease pathogens

49
Q

Scaffold branch

A

A branch that is among the largest diameter on the tree and will remain on the tree to maturity

50
Q

Shearing

A

Cutting leaves, shoots, and branches to a desired plane, shape, or form, using tools, designed for that purpose, as with topiary and pleaching pruning systems.

51
Q

Shoot

A

New stem or branch growth on a plant

52
Q

Specifications

A

Detailed plans, requirements, prescriptions, and statements of particular procedures used to define, measure, and guide work.

53
Q

Stem

A

Woody structure bearing foliage and buds that give rise to other stems (branches)

54
Q

Starch

A

Chain of sugar molecules linked together that serves as a form of energy storage in plants

55
Q

Structural Pruning

A

Pruning to influence the orientation, spacing, growth rate, strength of attachment, and ultimate size of branches and stems.

56
Q

Stub

A

Portion of a branch or stem remaining after a heading cut, branch breakage, or branch death

57
Q

Subordination

A

The removal of the end of a branch or stem to slow its growth relative to its parent, or to a favored branch or stem

58
Q

Sucker

A

Shoot arising from the roots. Contrast with water sprout

59
Q

Throwline

A

Thin, lightweight cord attached to a throw bag or throwing ball used to set climbing or rigging lines in a tree.

60
Q

Topiary

A

A formal pruning system that uses a combination of pruning, supporting l, and training branches to orient a plant into a desired shape

61
Q

Topping

A

The reduction of tree size by heading large, live branches and leaders without regard to long-term tree health or structural integrity.

62
Q

Tree

A

A woody perennial plant with a single or multiple trunks, which typically develop a mature size of over several inches in diameter and 10 feet or more in height.

63
Q

Trunk

A

The main stem or stems of a tree

64
Q

Union (crotch)

A

The junction of stem and branch or between stems

65
Q

Water sprout (sprout)

A

Upright, epicormic shoots arising from the trunk or branches of a plant above the root graft or soil line. Incorrectly called a sucker.

66
Q

Wound

A

An opening that is created when the bark of a live branch or stem is cut, penetrated, damaged, or removed

67
Q

Wound dressing

A

Compound applied to tree wounds of pruning cuts

MCA (11 decks)

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