bms final

Question 1

dendrites:

Answer 1

receive input from other nerves

Question 2

when dendrites receive input from other nerves…

Answer 2

action potential is sent

Question 3

synapse

Answer 3

where 2 nerves meet but don’t directly touch

Question 4

myelin

Answer 4

wraps nerves and moves messages quicker, but niot all nerves have it

Question 5

nerves shift between 2 states

Answer 5

resting potential and action potential

Question 6

resting potential:

Answer 6

doesn’t have to be passing messages all the time
could be making ATP and preparing to divide
doesn’t have to always be electrically active
ready for action potential
-70 milivolts

Question 7

in resting potential what ions are charged

Answer 7

sodium and potassium

Question 8

action potential process

Answer 8

dendrites->cell body->axon->synapse

Question 9

action potential ion channels

Answer 9

lets sodium through but not potassium

Question 10

during resting potential where is most of the sodium

Answer 10

outside the cell, potassium is mostly inside

Question 11

action potential millivolts

Answer 11

-55

Question 12

ion channels cannot be where _____ is

Answer 12

myelin, must be where myelin is not

Question 13

CNS

Answer 13

brain, spinal cord

Question 14

PNS

Answer 14

everything else is peripheral nervous system

Question 15

2 brain hemispheres

Answer 15

corpus collosum, wrinkles and folds on surface

Question 16

corpus collosum

Answer 16

middle of the brain where it can crossover

Question 17

wrinkles + skin folds on surface

Answer 17

increased surface area + fit more nerves

Question 18

receptors

Answer 18

allows stimuli to be recognized, signal is sent to nerve then brain

Question 19

human senses

Answer 19

hearing, sight,taste,smell,touch

Question 20

hearing:

Answer 20

receptors receive waves of pressure

Question 21

eardrum

Answer 21

moves back and forth when hit by waves

Question 22

ossicles

Answer 22

3 small bones in middle ear

Question 23

what are the 3 small bones in the middle ear

Answer 23

hammer, anvil, strip

Question 24

cochlea

Answer 24

filled with fluid and hair cells, when fluids moves around it moves the hair cells which generate an action potential

Question 25

Eustachia tube

Answer 25

from inner ear to back of throat, periodically opens and closes and allows the ear to repressurize so middle parts at atmospheric pressure

Question 26

compound eyes

Answer 26

insects, spiders

Question 27

Camera eyes

Answer 27

Humans, dogs,cats, zoo animals

Question 28

compound eyes

Answer 28

have lens and photoreceptors but many little eye units, good for a wide view but its pixelated which makes it easy to see when something moves

Question 29

camera eyes

Answer 29

light comes in from one location

Question 30

sclera

Answer 30

white of eye, blocks light, protective and has tough connective tissue

Question 31

pupil

Answer 31

hole in eye (black tiny dot)

Question 32

cornea

Answer 32

clear layer to protect pupil and let light through

Question 33

iris

Answer 33

colored part of the eye to adjust amount of light entering

Question 34

lens

Answer 34

focus light to photoreceptors in back of the eye

Question 35

retina

Answer 35

back of the eye that hold photreceptors

Question 36

fovea

Answer 36

where photoreceptors are most densely located in retina

Question 37

rods

Answer 37

low wavelength light (dim light), grayscale aspects of vision

Question 38

cones

Answer 38

color vision, higher wavelength, mostly active during the day

Question 39

optic nerve

Answer 39

a bundle of nerve fibers that carries visual information from the retina at the back of the eye to the brain

Question 40

taste is ___

Answer 40

Gustation

Question 41

Smell is___

Answer 41

Olfaction

Question 42

Taste and smell both use ____

Answer 42

Chemoreceptors

Question 43

components of taste

Answer 43

sweet, salty, sour, bitter, savory

Question 44

pain

Answer 44

chemicals leak and tell nerves something need to be fixed

Question 45

Hydrostatic

Answer 45

jellyfish, sea animals, allow some moment like a water balloon on the inside, meant to help fight current

Question 46

hinge joints

Answer 46

flex and extension (elbow and knee)

Question 47

ball and sack joints

Answer 47

can twist, 360 range of motion (hips and shoulders)

Question 48

4 muscle contractions and relaxation

Answer 48

primary proteins (actin and myosin), accessories proteins, calcium, ATP

Question 49

synapse acetylcholine

Answer 49

chemical muscles will respond to tellsit to release calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 50

accessory proteins move from____ when ____ is present, myosin ear now binds to actin

Answer 50

actin , calcium

Question 51

endocrine system

Answer 51

types of hormones you can make and how cells respond

Question 52

glands

Answer 52

produce hormones and place them in circulation

Question 53

types of hormones

Answer 53

amino acid based, protein based , lipid base

Question 54

alertness/metabolic activity

Answer 54

thyroid glands (thyroxine )

Question 55

goiter

Answer 55

very large enlargemnt of thyroid gland

Question 56

calcium

Answer 56

thyroid gland- calcitonin

Question 57

parathyroid hormones

Answer 57

take calcium from bones

Question 58

osteoporosis

Answer 58

not enough calcium from diet, it takes from bones and weakens them

Question 59

pancreas : insulin

Answer 59

insulin takes glucose and puts some in storage, glucose uses some to make ATP

Question 60

pancreas glucagon

Answer 60

breaks glycogen into glucoses

Question 61

immunity

Answer 61

general responses, two things trying to invade, always the same, adaptive/acquires responses, after 2-3 times after having something new immune system will be able to protect from it

Question 62

what cells does immunity have

Answer 62

B cells and T cells

Question 63

what do B cells do

Answer 63

make antibodies

Question 64

what do T cells do

Answer 64

Protect from immune diseases