BMS2011 Body Walls and Thoracic Cavity

Question 1

What are the three catagories of intrinsic back muscles? 

Answer 1

 Erector Spinae (3), Transverso-Spinales (3), Segmentals (2) 

Question 2

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Answer 2

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Question 3

What does the myotome divide into? 

Answer 3

Epimere and Hypomere

Question 4

What are epaxial muscles (derived from epimere) ?

Answer 4

Intrinsic back muscles 

Question 5

What are hypaxial muscles (derived from hypomere) ? 

Answer 5

Abdominal wall muscles, pelvic floor muscles, thoracic wall muscles, limb muscles. 

Question 6

What nerves are epaxial muscles innervated by?

Answer 6

Dorsal rami

Question 7

What nerves are hypaxial muscles innervated by ? 

Answer 7

Ventral Rami

Question 8

what info does the DORSAL root contain?

Answer 8

Afferent/ Sensory

Question 9

what information does the VENTRAL root contain?

Answer 9

Motor / Efferent

Question 10

what does the root ganglion contain? 

Answer 10

axons of sensory nerves 

Question 11

Explain the vertebral regions of the spine and their curvature

Answer 11

Cervical -7 (lordosis) , thoracic -12 (kyphosis) , Lumbar- 5(lordosis) , Sacral -5 (kyphosis) 

Question 12

what structures enclose the spinal foramen ?

Answer 12

vertebral body, pedicle, transverse process, lamina, spinous process

Question 13

how do true ribs, false ribs and floating ribs differ? 

Answer 13

True ribs articulate directly with the sternum (1-7), the false ribs articulate indirectly (8-10), and floating ribs dont articulate at all (11-12). 

Question 14

What are the 2 joints in the cervical spine responsible for head movement? 

Answer 14

 Atlanto-Occipital (C1 and Occipital Bone) - Flexion and extention<br></br><br></br>Altlanto-Axial (C1 and C2) rotational 

Question 15

what are the joints between costal cartilages called?

Answer 15

interchondral 

Question 16

What are the 2 components of the intervertebral disc?

Answer 16

Outermost (Annulus fibrosis) and Innermost (Nucleus Pulposus) 

Question 17

what are articular facet joints? 

Answer 17

synovial (fluid filled joints) that connect vertebrae in the spine - enabling movement whilst maintaining stability. 

Question 18

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Answer 18

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Question 19

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Answer 19

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Question 20

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Answer 20

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Question 21

Which thoracic muscles are involved in inhalation, and exhalation

Answer 21

In ; External Intercostals <br></br>Ex ; Internal and Innermost Intercostals <br></br>Forced Ex ; Transversus Thoracis and Subcostals 

Question 22

List the Antero-Lateral abdominal wall muscles (and their direction)

Answer 22

1. External Oblique (Diagonally, toward anterior midline) [hand in pockets]<br></br>2. Internal Oblique (Inferior to Superior, Medial to lateral) [cold shoulders] <br></br>3. Transverse Abdominus (horizontal) <br></br>4. Rectus Abdominus (vertical) 

Question 23

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Answer 23

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Question 24

What are the posterior abdominal muscles [2]

Answer 24

Psoas Major <br></br>Quadratus Lumborum 

Question 25

Answer 25

Question 26

What is aponeurosis? 

Answer 26

A thin sheath of connective tissue that helps connect muscles to bones