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2052 > BMS2052 - PRAC EXAM > Flashcards

BMS2052 - PRAC EXAM Flashcards

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1
Q

Micrococcus luteus (morphology, Gram stain, shape, arrangement, features)

A 
round, smooth, yellow
Gram positive
cocci
tetrad / triskelion / clusters
urease positive, catalase positive, obligate aerobe colonises upper resp tract
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2
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae (morphology, Gram stain, shape, arrangement, features)

A 
round, smooth, concave, dark green
Gram positive
cocci
Chains
alpha haemolysis
capsular, pathogenic, facultative anaerobe
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3
Q

Clostridium sporogenes (morphology, Gram stain, shape, arrangement, features)

A

filamentous, white, raised, irregular, concentric
Gram positive
bacillus
random arrangement
spore forming, obligate anaerobe, terminal spores, symbiont

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4
Q

Proteus vulgaris (morphology, Gram stain, shape, arrangement, features)

A 
smooth, round and complex, clear, flat
Gram negative
bacillus
random concentric rings
motile, catalase positive, facultative anaerobe
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5
Q

Klebsiella species (Gram stain, shape, features)

A

Gram negative
bacillus
capsule, facultative anaerobe, lactose fermenting, catalase positive

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6
Q

Bacillus cereus (Gram stain, shape, features)

A

Gram positive
bacillus
beta haemolysis, motile, central spore forming, facultative anaerobe

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7
Q

Mycobacterium species (Gram stain, shape, features)

A 
No gram classification
bacillus
mycolic acid cell wall
aerobic
LJ medium
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8
Q

Vibrio natrigens

A 
Gram negative
bacillus
requires 2% salt for growth
brain heart infusion
motile
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9
Q

S. aureus sensitivities and resistances

A

Vancomycin and Tetracycline S

Methicillin R in MRSA

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10
Q

S. aureus biochemical features

A

Gram positive, cocci, catalase positive, Lac positive

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11
Q

S. aureus in MSA, HBA and MAC

A

MSA: yellow colonies
HBA O2: alpha haemolysis
MAC O2: pink (lactase positive)

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12
Q

S. aureus virulence

A 
capsule
alpha toxin
adhesins
coagulase
hyaluronidase
caratinoid pigment
plasmids for Ab resistance
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13
Q

S. aureus diseases

A 
pnemonia
meningitis
toxic shock syndrome
sepsis
boils, pimples
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14
Q

S. aureus treatment

A

vancomycin

tetracycline

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15
Q

S. aureus habitat and conditions

A

respiratory tract, skin, 37deg, aerobic

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16
Q

S. pneumoniae symptoms

A

shortness of breath, chest pain

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17
Q

S. pneumoniae details

A

gram positive
cocci
catalase negative
optochin sensitive

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18
Q

S. pneumoniae media

A

facultative anaerobe
HBA O2: alpha haemolysis (aerobic) or beta haemolysis (anaerobic)
CBA CO2: gram pos
MAC O2: no growth

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19
Q

S. pneumoniae virulence

A

capsule
H2O2
apoptosis of dendritic cells
enzymes and shield mechanisms

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20
Q

S. pneumoniae disease

A

pneumoniae
ear infections
meningitis
bacteremia

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21
Q

S. pneumoniae treatment and prevention

A

pneumococcal vaccines; penicillin

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22
Q

S. pneumoniae reservoir

A

nasopharyngeal region
sinus
respiratory tract
may be part of normal flora

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23
Q

S. pyogenes symptoms

A

red rash and fever with high temperature

pus from cut

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24
Q

S. pyogenes details

A

gram positive
cocci
catalase negative
aerobic

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25
S. pyogenes media
HBA O2: beta haemolysis MAC O2: no growth HBA with bacitracin disk: sensitive
26
S. pyogenes virulence
``` protease toxins DNase erythrogenic (causes rash) hyaluronic acid invasins exotoxins ```
27
S. pyogenes disease
scarlet fever rheumatic fever respiratory diseases necrosis of muscles normal flora but pathogenic
28
S. pyogenes prevention and treatment
penicillin | streptomycin
29
S. enterobacter symptoms
cramps, nausea, diarrhoea
30
S. enterobacter details
gram negative rod motile facultative anaerobe
31
S. enterobacter media
MAC O2: beige colonies, lac-, oxidase neg | XLD O2: red colonies with black centres
32
S. enterobacter virulence
``` inflammatory responses acidic resistance motility intracellular invasion T3SS LPS siderophores ```
33
S. enterobacter diseases
Irritable bowel syndrome | salmonella
34
S. enterobacter treatment
cook poultry better | not overly dangerous
35
V. cholerae symptoms
water diarrhoea with no odour, vomiting, stomach cramps, dehydration, dry mucous membranes
36
V. cholerae details
``` gram negative facultative anaerobe alpha haemolysis motile (one flagellum) pili oxidase pos comma shape lac - ```
37
V. cholerae virulence
``` cholera toxin invasins cAMP activators, causing ion efflux flagellated VPI pathogenicity islands ```
38
V. cholerae disease
``` dehydration shock death in extreme cases renal failure metabolic acidosis ```
39
V. cholerae treatment
``` vaccine antitoxin bottled / boiled water avoid raw foods rehydration doxycycline ```
40
V. cholerae media
MAC O2: beige colonies, lac- | TSBS: yellow colonies (V. cholerae)
41
M. tuberculosis symptoms
``` blood sputum rapid weight loss fever night sweats lung: cavitating lesion (implicating shortness of breath) ```
42
M. tuberculosis details
gram positive rod in singles or pairs acid fast (mycolic acid) - so A/F stain best aerobic
43
M. tuberculosis media
LJ media: 21 days
44
M. tuberculosis virulence
mycolic acid cell wall binds to macrophages inhabits alveolar cells prevents maturation of phagosomes
45
M. tuberculosis disease
tuberculosis | lung infections and diseases
46
M. tuberculosis treatment
drug regime and vaccinations (BCG) | mantoux test: test for immunity against TB
47
Actions of V. cholerae in the gastrointestinal tract
Cholera toxin is an A-B toxin targeted to enterocytes ADP-ribosylation event of G-protein, causing unrestricted activation Increase in cellular cAMP causes ion efflux and water diarrhoea
48
Mode of transmittance of V. cholerae
Contamination of water or food Raw or undercooked seafood Rare direct person-to-person contact
49
M. tuberculosis transmission
Airborne dust particles / fomites from affected individual's cough
50
B. anthracis features
``` gram positive spore forming rod spread through blood grown in nutrient medium facultative anaerobe cutaneous, pulmonary, gastrointestinal methods ```
51
B. pertussis virulence factors
``` pertussis toxin (disrupts phagocytic activity) adenylate cyclase (reduction of phagocytic activity) tracheal cytotoxin (paralysis of ciliated cells) filamentous haemagglutinin (adherence to ciliated cells) pertactin (attachment to airway linings) Lipid A + Lipid X = fever Lipid X + O-antigen = severe immune response ``` Adherence to respiratory epithelial cells -> paralysis of cilia -- mucus buildup and inflammation
52
B. pertussis treatment
azithromycin erythromycin clarithromycin DTwP or DTaP
53
C. difficile treatment and description
vancomycin / metronidazole | gram positive, strict anaerobe, rod
54
C. difficile virulence
``` AB toxin enteric cytotoxin capsule adhesins flagella ```
55
T. pallidum morphology
gram negative spirochete flagella microaerophilic
56
T. pallidum primary, secondary, late stage
sores lesions organ damage and cerebral damage
57
T. pallidum diagnosis / testing
non-treponemal antigen tests: RPR, VDRL | treponemal antigen tests: FTA-ABS, MHA-Tp
58
C. perfringens details
gram positive, spores, rod, non motile, strict anaerobe, toxin producing
59
C. perfringens disease
food poisoning in humans | gas gangrene in animals
60
C. perfringens virulence
alpha-phospholipase (lecithinase)
61
C. perfringens diagnosis
nagler test (egg yolk agar)
62
Corynebacterium diphtheriae details
gram positive, clubhead shaped, non motile, fac anaerobe, commensal flora unless lysogenic strain
63
Corynebacterium diphtheriae transmission
respiratory droplets in the air
64
Corynebacterium diphtheriae vaccine / testing
DTaP or DTwP Schick Test for immunity erythromycin
65
Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolation
Loeffler's Agar Slant Media rich in cysteine tellurite trinsdale agar
66
Corynebacterium diphtheriae diagnosis
ELEK test
67
B. pertussis stages
catarrhal paroxysmal convalescent
68
B. pertussis details
gram negative strict aerobe small
69
B. pertussis incubation
Bordet-Gengou (potato, peptic digest, glycerol, sheep blood, NaCl) -- fastidious (inhibited by waste products and fatty acids)
70
B. pertussis disease
pneumonia, epistaxis, otitis media

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