BMSC 207 Nervous System 3

Question 1

Gray matter

Answer 1

Consists of Unmyelinated somas, dendrites and axons.

Question 2

White matter

Answer 2

Mainly Myelinated.

Question 3

Spinal cord

Answer 3

Major pathways for information back and forth between brain, skin, and muscles.

Question 4

Spinal Cord (divided into 4 regions)

Answer 4

Cervical - 8
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacral - 5

Question 5

Function of Gray matter

Answer 5

Consists of sensory and motor nuclei - Controls movement, memory, and emotions

Question 6

Function of White matter

Answer 6

In spinal cord, consists of tracts of axons carrying information from the brain - Helps body process information

Question 7

Ascending Tracts

Answer 7

Carry sensory information to the brain
Dorsal and External lateral

Question 8

Descending tracts

Answer 8

carry commands to motor neurons.
Ventral and Interior lateral

Question 9

Nuclei

Answer 9

Clusters of cell bodies in CNS

Question 10

Ganglia

Answer 10

Clusters of cell bodies in PNS

Question 11

Somatic SENSORY nuclei

Answer 11

Afferent (in)

Question 12

Somatic MOTOR nuclei

Answer 12

Efferent (out)

Question 13

Spinal Reflex

Answer 13

Spinal Cord can act as the integrating center to initiate response to stimulus without receiving input from brain

Question 14

Brain

Answer 14

Brain: 1400g, 1.4 Kg
85 billion neurons, many containing
thousands of synapses

Question 15

Brain Divisions (6 divisions)

Answer 15

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla
(Midbrain, Pons, Medulla apart of brainstem)

Question 16

Midbrain (brain stem)

Answer 16

Eye Movement, contains the substantia nigra.

Question 17

Pons (brain stem)

Answer 17

Relay station between cerebrum and cerebellum
Assists Medulla in breathing

Question 18

Medulla

Answer 18

Controls of involuntary functions - Breathing and Sends signals to hearts
Consists of white matter.
Contains Vomiting center, Swallowing, Coughing, Sneezing, Hiccups.

Question 19

Reticular Formation

Answer 19

Important for consciousness, arousal, attention and alertnesss.
It is inactivated during sleep, damage can induce coma.

Question 20

Cerebellum

Answer 20

Regulates posture and balance.
Processes sensory information related to movement and coordinates execution of movement.

Question 21

Diencephalon

Answer 21

Lies between Brain stem and cerebrum.
Two primary structures: Thalamus and hypothalamus.
Two Endocrine structures:
Pineal Gland and Pituitary gland.

Question 22

Thalamus

Answer 22

Relay center.
Recovers sensory info from optic tract, ears, spinal cord and relays it to sensory areas.

Question 23

Pineal Gland

Answer 23

Cyclically releases melatonin involved in sleep.

Question 24

Hypothalamus

Answer 24

Helps maintain blood glucose concentrations
Maintains body temp.
Controls body osmolarity.
Controls food intake.

Question 25

Pituitary Gland

Answer 25

Posterior is Neural Tissue Anterior is Endocrine Tissue Controls growth, Metabolism, and reproduction.

Question 26

Cerebrum

Answer 26

Largest and most distinctive part of brain. Controls muscle function, speech, thought, emotions, reading, and writing.

Question 27

Basal Ganglia

Answer 27

Major job is regulating the initiation and termination of movement. Receives signals from cerebral cortex, and provides output to motor proteins.

Question 28

Limbic System

Answer 28

Plays a primary role in a range of emotions, including pain, pleasure, docility, affection, and anger. Also believed to play a role in Learning and Memory

Question 29

Cerebral Cortex | 3 choices

Answer 29

Outermost layer of cerebrum 1. sensory areas (translate sensory input into perception) 2. Motor Areas (direct skeletal muscle movement) 3. Association Areas (integrate information from sensory and motor areas and help direct voluntary behaviors and deal with complex integrative functions.

Question 30

4 Lobes in the brain

Answer 30

Frontal Lobe - Skeletal muscle movement Parietal Lobe - Sensory cortex, sensory association. Occipital Lobe - Vision Temporal Lobe - Hearing

Question 31

3 Sensory Neurons

Answer 31

1. Simple receptor - Free nerve endings. Pain, Itch, Temperature. 2. Complex Neural Receptors - Nerve endings enclosed in connective layer tissue (touch/Proprioceptors) 3. Special sense Receptors - release neurotransmitter onto sensory neurons, have special hair cells

Question 31

4 Types of Receptors

Answer 31

1. Chemoreceptors - blood chemoreceptors, Nociceptors, hypothalamic glucose sensing neurons, taste and cells 2. Mechanoreceptors - touch, proprioceptors, nociceptors, hair cells, balance. 3. Photoreceptors - Vision (rods and cones) 4. Thermoreceptors - Thermal receptors, Nociceptors.

Question 32

Mechanically gated channels

Answer 32

Opens when a mechanical force is applied such as pressure, vibration, soundwaves.

Question 33

Somatosensory Neuron brings information to _________?

Answer 33

Central Nervous System (CNS)