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Cardiac Anatomy (Boards) > Board Review > Flashcards

Board Review Flashcards

1
Q

three layers of the heart

A

epicardium (outer)
myocardium (middle)
endocardium (inner

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2
Q

what is the visceral pericardium called

A

epicardium

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3
Q

the pulmonary trunk lies in what layer of the heart

A

pericardium

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4
Q

collection of pericardial fluid in the pericardial sac causes

A

chylopericardium

rare and benign disease entity in which chylous fluid accumulates in the pericardial cavity

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5
Q

organ of bronchial arteries

A

descending aorta

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6
Q

bronchial arteries supply what

A

flow and oxygenated blood to the pulmonary tissues of the lungs

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7
Q

the superior and inferior left bronchial arteries come off of the

A

thoracic aorta

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8
Q

the single right bronchial artery comes off of the

A

thoracic aorta or branched with intercostals

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9
Q

t/f

bronchial veins dump directly into the heart

A

FALSE

bronchial veins do not dump directly into the heart

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10
Q

where do bronchial veins dump into

A

dump into the azygous vein

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11
Q

where is the azygous vein and why is it important

A

azygous vein runs up the side of the thoracic vertebral column, draining itself toward the SVC

azygous vein connects the sac and IVC and can provide alternate paths for blood to the RA when the vena cavae is blocked

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12
Q

the azygous vein can serve as a natural bypass for what

A

for the IVC

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13
Q

where doe she accessory azygous and the hemizygous drain

A

the accessory azygous drains in the upper left posterior intercostal veins

homozygous drains the lower poster

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14
Q

LV return on bypass is due to what

A

azygous vein continuation

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15
Q

the cardiovascular system consists of

A

blood components

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16
Q

the circulatory system consists of

A

blood vessels

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17
Q

the femoral artery is a continuation of the

A

external iliac artery

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18
Q

coronary blood flow is about how many ml/min and occurs predominately when?

A

about 250 ml/min

predominately during diastole

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19
Q

the openings of the coronary arteries are the

A

coronary ostias

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20
Q

the left coronary artery is the:

A

left main:

LAD
circumflex
ramus

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21
Q

the left main coronary supplies the

A

left ventricle

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22
Q

the LAD supplies the

A

front and bottom of the ventricle and the front of the septum

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23
Q

branches of the LAD

A

diagonal and septal

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24
Q

the LAD is known as the

A

widow maker

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25
diagonal coronary arteries supply
the anterior and wall of the LV
26
branches of the circumflex artery
obtuse marginals
27
what 3 arteries feed the posterior portion of the LV
circumflex artery posterior descending branch fo the RCA ascending portion of the LAD
28
what 3 arteries supply the anterior portion of the LV
left main left circumflex LAD
29
the right main supplies the
right ventricle
30
branches of the right coronary artery
conus SA nodal acute marginals PDA
31
RCA is domininant when
it gives rise to the PDA
32
what veins drain into the anterior cardiac system (RA)
right marginal vein acute marginal vein sinus node vein
33
coronaries have how much percent of CO
5%
34
coronary veins include
thebesian anterior cardiac coronary sinus
35
the coronary sinus veins include
great cardiac middle cardiac posterior vein of LV left marginal vein
36
great cardia vein runs along the
LAD
37
what drains into the coronary sinus
great cardiac vein left marginal vein middle veins left posterior veins
38
where does the coronary sinus lie
posterior atrioventricular sulcus
39
where does the coronary sinus receive blood and drain into
receives blood from the superficial veins of the heart drains into the RA near the tricuspid valve
40
what supplies the lower 2/3 of the spinal cord
the artery radicularis magna artery
41
what artery supplies 1/3 of the spinal cord
the posterior spinal artery
42
what is the area that surrounds the lungs called
the pleural cavity
43
conversion of angiotensin I to II occurs in the
lungs
44
what is the lining around the lungs called
visceral pleura
45
tidal volume definition
air moved into and out of the lungs during inhalation and exhalation
46
positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is
pressure in the lungs (alveolar pressure) above atmospheric pressure (pressure outside of body) that exists at the end of expiration
47
what are the two types of PEEP
extrinsic PEEP: applied by ventilator intrinsic PEEP: caused by incomplete exhalation
48
what is ischemic lung due to
disruption of bronchial flow
49
what is negative pressure in the lungs from
the pressure within the pleural cavity is slightly less than the atmospheric pressure
50
the aortic and pulmonary valves open and close during
open during systole close during diastole
51
the aortic and pulmonary valve close during
atrial contration
52
the tricuspid and mitral valve close during
the beginning of ventricular contraction
53
all valves are closed during
isovolumic contraction
54
commissural cusps of the aortic valve are
posterior, right nd left
55
commissural cusps of the pulmonary valve are
anterior, right, and left
56
where are papillary muscles found
in the left and right ventricle (mitral and tricuspid valve)
57
how do the papillary muscles help
by allowing longitudinal shortening of the LV, the papillary muscles help the LV in ventricular contraction
58
when is AI the owrst
during the beginning of ventricular diastole
59
what can AI cause
cerebral insufficiency pulmonary congestion and edema right heart failure secondary to left heart failure
60
mechanical valves last for how long
20+ years
61
bioprosthetic valves last for how long
15+ years
62
what is the valve of choice for endocarditits
homograft
63
with rheumatic heart disease, you can develop what
mitral stenosis
64
what is the section of the brain that regulates temperature
hyopothalamus
65
what are the major arteries that perfuse the brain
vertebral and internal carotids
66
where is insulin secreted
islet of langerhans
67
what is the vagus nerve's function
parasympathetic response such as heart rate and digestion
68
compression of the vagus nerve can cause
bradycardia
69
what is the SA node known as
pacemaker of the heart
70
if the SA node fails, in a normal heart, what should take over?
the AV node
71
first degree heart block
electrical impulses are slowed as they pass through the conduction system, but they all successfully reach the ventricles
72
second degree heart block
electrical impulses are delayed further and further with each subsequent heartbeat until a beat fails to reach to the ventricles entirely
73
third degree heart block
aka complete heart block no electrical impulses from the atria reach the ventricles. when this happens, they may generate some impulses on their own
74
bundle branch block
electrical impulses are slowed or blocked as they travel through the specialized conducting tissues in one of the two ventricles
75
where is the AV node located
base of the RA or triangle of Koch
76
what is Bachman's bundle
the internal tract that stimulates the left atrium
77
the parasympathetic nervous system has ____ outflow
craniosacral outflow
78
the sympathetic nervous system has ____ outflow
thoracolumbar outflow
79
in the heart, parasympathetic (cholinergic) stimulation causes what
``` decreased chronotrophy decreased dromotrophy (decreased conduction) ```
80
in the heart, sympathetic (B1 adrenergic) stimulation causes
increase chronotrophy increased dromotrophy increased inotropy
81
QRS wave represents
ventricular depolarization
82
T wave represents
ventricular repolarization
83
P wave is
atrial depolarization in the atria
84
p wave time
0.08-0.12 seconds
85
QRS wave time
0.08 to 0.1 seconds
86
R wave time
0.2 seconds
87
PR interval is
0.12-0.2 seconds
88
ST segment duration
0.005-0.15 seconds
89
purkinji fibers role in ventricle
contract simultaneously

Cardiac Anatomy (Boards) (3 decks)

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