board review microbiology fungi/parasites

Question 1

fungal spores

SExual spores in the tissue

which fungi

spherules w/ endospores

not yeats

Answer 1

coccidiodes

Question 2

question trick

pt explored caves. and dies 7 days later

diagnosis

Answer 2

rabies

not histoplasmosis

Question 3

Q on boards trick

1. pt presents with widened mediastinum and risk factor for histoplasmosis

diagnosis?

vs

2. pt returning from war and has widened mediastinum

diagnosis?

Answer 3

1histoplasmosis

2. anthrax ( acute hemoorhagic mediastinitis)

Question 4

trick question

pt presents with

atypical infiltration in the lungs w/ cavitations

negative PPD

diagnosis

Answer 4

histoplasmosis

Question 5

how does a pt with fungal ball (aspergillloma) present?

Answer 5

severe hemoptysis

Question 6

question on boards

how do you treat aspergilloma

Answer 6

surgical removal of the aspergilomma

nots antifungals

Question 7

a patient with a previous TB infection

and hemoptysis

diagnosis?

Answer 7

aspergillus fumigatus

aspergillomas

Question 8

question on boards

you have a pt that has been on chemo for a long term

he is stable with neutropenia

all of the sudden he develops fever, cough,

take chest xray and see patchy infiltrate

diagnosis

**how you treat?

Answer 8

invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

(necrotizing bronchopenumonia in immunocompromised)

VORICONAZOLE

Question 9

boards

pt diagnosed with

aspergillus flavus

it produces Aflatoxins that can cause

Answer 9

hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 10

****RA pt on TNF a inhibitors

what are they at inc risk for

Answer 10

TB

candidasis

listeriosis

***nocardiosis

invasive aspergillosis

Question 11

Boards

ketoacidotic diabetic,

nonseptate hyphae branching right angles

Answer 11

mucor and rhizopus

Question 12

Q on boards

what is the most common extraintestinal manifestation of

entamoeba histolytica

Answer 12

liver abscess

Question 13

Q

pt has history of entamoeba histolytica and now pt has hemoptysis

xray you see involvement of right lower lobe of the lung

what is the cause of the hemoptysis

Answer 13

the liver abscess has involved the lung causing hemoptysis

Question 14

what is the largest protozoan that infects human

Answer 14

Balantidum coli

Question 15

Q on boards

pt presents with nausea, abdominal tenderness, fever, prolonged diarrhea after returning from a Wild boar hunt -drinking from a stream

diagnosis?

Answer 15

Balantidium coli

Question 16

Q on boards

what are the 3 causes of watery diarrhea in HIV pts

all are acid fast protozoa

intestinal protozoa

Answer 16

cryptosporidium

isospora belli

cyclospora

Question 17

Q on boards

how will you diagnose crptosproidium

Answer 17

biopsy of intestinal gland which shows dots (cysts) in gland

or

oocyts on acid fast stain

Question 18

on the boards

HIV pt with anorexia, foul smelling watery diarrhea, wt loss, weakness

acid fast parasite

diagnosis oocyts in the stool

you tx with TMP/SMX and see *** RAPID improvement in symptoms

diagnosis?

Answer 18

cystoisospora belli

Question 19

pt that has no cell mediated immunity from use of corticosteriods

acid fast bacteria

old guy started having lung problems and then BRAIN ABSCESS

Diagnosis?

Answer 19

nocardia astroid

Question 20

what parasite

and tx

Answer 20

trypanosoma cruzi

see trypomastigote in blood smear

Question 21

Q on boards

HIV pt presents to ER with confusion, neurlogical symptoms,

MRI: multiple ring enhancing lesions.

Diagnosis

Answer 21

toxoplasma gondii

causes brain abscess in AIDS pt

Question 22

know the treatments

Answer 22

a

Question 23

on the boards

HIV pt with watery diarrhea, loss of appetitie, N, fatigue , abd cramping

acid fast parasite (protozoa)

you see oocyts in stool

tx with tmp smx

you diagnosis this pt with cyclospora

how was this pt infected

Answer 23

by eating

fecally contaminated imported

RASPBERRIES

Question 24

Q on boards***

pt with

spiking fever,

massive splenomegaly, enlarged liver

pancytopenia

histology shows what for diagnosis?

Answer 24

Amastigotes

within macrophages

diagnosis leishmania donovani

Question 25

on boards know these images of the different malaria

Answer 25

know them

Question 26

on the boards **fever** and **hemolytic** **anemia** **+** **symptoms of malaria** diagnosis know the histo

Answer 26

**babesiosis**

Question 27

what is the most common cause of malaria in US?

Answer 27

**incomplete prophylaxis**

Question 28

on boards a young mexican immigrant has no past med hx is seen in ER w/ new onset **seizures, Ct** of the brain shows **cystic mass.** what is the most common cause and tx?

Answer 28

**taenia solium- cysticercosis** tx: **albendazole** and **corticosteriods..** first aid says praziquantal

Question 29

on board **trichuris trichiura** if severe infection of tirchuris trichiura the whipworm is **embedded into rectum** leading to **edema** --\> causing?

Answer 29

**rectal prolapse!!!**

Question 30

Trick question on boards pt presents with fever, vomiting, nausea, **periorbital edema, myalgias.** he recently ate **pork** you suspect a diagnosis of **trichinella spiralis** (**nematode)** what will you most likely see on stool biopsy?

Answer 30

**nothing** because the **larvae encyst** in **straited muscle** --\> muscle inflammation they dont complete lifecycle bc we accidentally ingested them