body

Question 1

smooth muscle bag that stores urine until it is expelled from the body.

Answer 1

urinary bladder

Question 2

large, nucleated blood cells that play a major role in protecting the body from foreign substances and microscopic organisms.

Answer 2

white blood cells

Question 3

round, disk-shaped cells in the blood that carry oxygen to body cells; make up 44 percent of the total volume of the blood.

Answer 3

red blood cells

Question 4

sensory receptors located on the tongue that result in taste perception.

Answer 4

taste buds

Question 5

ropelike structure that attaches the embryo to the wall of the uterus; supplies a developing embryo with oxygen and nutrients and removes waste products.

Answer 5

umbilical cord

Question 6

in human females, the montly cycle that includes the production of an egg, the preparation of the uterus to receive an egg, and the shedding of an egg if it remains unfertilized.

Answer 6

menstrual cycle

Question 7

internal feedback mechanism in which a substance is fed back to inhibit the original signal and reduce production of a substance.

Answer 7

negative feedback system

Question 8

muscular tube about 6 m long where digestion is completed; connects the stomach and the large intestine.

Answer 8

small intestine

Question 9

muscular tube through which indigestible materials are passed to the rectum for excretion.

Answer 9

large intestine

Question 10

produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and cell fragments involved in blood clotting.

Answer 10

bone marrow

Question 11

a type of voluntary muscle that is attached to and moves the bones.

Answer 11

skeletal muscle

Question 12

muscle in which contractions are not under conscious control.

Answer 12

involuntary muscle

Question 13

muscle that contracts under conscious control.

Answer 13

voluntary muscle

Question 14

type of involuntary muscle found in the walls of internal organs and blood vessels; most common function is to squeeze exerting pressure inside the tube or organ it surrounds.

Answer 14

smooth muscle

Question 15

type of involuntary muscle found only in the heart;

Answer 15

cardiac muscle

Question 16

in humans, the central control center of the nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 16

central nervous system

Question 17

force that blood exerts on blood vessels; rises and falls as the heart contracts and relaxes.

Answer 17

blood pressure

Question 18

automatic response to a stimulus; reflex stimulus travels to the spinal column and sent directly back to the muscle.

Answer 18

reflex

Question 19

basic unit of structure and function in the nervous system; conducts impulses throughout the nervous system; composed of dendrites, a cell body, and an axon.

Answer 19

neurons

Question 20

binding sites on target cells that bind with specific hormones.

Answer 20

receptors

Question 21

chemical substance produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder that helps break down fats during digestion.

Answer 21

bile

Question 22

combination of sperm and fluids from the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands.

Answer 22

semen

Question 23

flap of cartilage that closes over the opening of the respiratory tract during swallowing; prevents food from entering the respiratory tract.

Answer 23

epiglottis

Question 24

fluid portion of the blood that makes up about 55 percent of the total volume of the blood; contains red and white blood cells.

Answer 24

plasma

Question 25

foreign substances that stimulate an immune response in the body.

Answer 25

antigens

Question 26

in females, the process of an egg rupturing through the ovary wall and moving into the oviduct.

Answer 26

ovulation

Question 27

in humans and some other animals, the outermost protective layer composed of an outer layer of dead cells and an inner layer of living cells.

Answer 27

epidermis

Question 28

in humans, the period when secondary sex characteristics begin to appear; changes are controlled by sex hormones secreted by the endocrine system.

Answer 28

puberty

Question 29

inner, thicker portion of the skin that contains structures such as blood vessels, nerves, nerve endings, hair follicles, sweat glands, and oil glands.

Answer 29

dermis

Question 30

iron-containing protein molecule in red blood cells that binds to oxygen and carries it from the lungs to the body's cells.

Answer 30

hemoglobin

Question 31

large blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart.

Answer 31

veins

Question 32

large, complex organ of the digestive system that produces many chemicals for digestion, including bile.

Answer 32

liver

Question 33

large, thick-walled muscular vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Answer 33

artery

Question 34

largest blood vessel in the body; transports oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the arteries.

Answer 34

aorta

Question 35

last part of the digestive system through which feces passes before it exits the body through the anus.

Answer 35

rectum

Question 36

liquid composed of wastes that is filtered from the blood by the kidneys.

Answer 36

urine

Question 37

microscopic blood vessels with walls only one cell thick that allow diffusion of gases and nutrients between the blood and surrounding tissues.

Answer 37

capillaries

Question 38

muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach; moves food by peristalsis.

Answer 38

esophagus

Question 39

muscular, pouchlike enlargement of the digestive tract where chemical and physical digestion take place.

Answer 39

stomach

Question 40

organs of the vertebrate urinary system; remove wastes, control sodium levels of the blood, and regulate blood pH levels.

Answer 40

kidneys

Question 41

physiological and physical changes a female goes through during the birthing process.

Answer 41

labor

Question 42

pigment found in cells of the interior layer of the epidermis; protects cells from solar-radiation damage.

Answer 42

melanin

Question 43

point where two or more bones meet; can be fixed or facilitate movement of bones in relation to one another.

Answer 43

joints

Question 44

proteins in the blood plasma produced in reaction to antigens that react with and disable antigens.

Answer 44

antibodies

Question 45

sacs in the lungs where oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses into the air.

Answer 45

alveoli

Question 46

series of involuntary smooth muscle contractions along the walls of the digestive tract that move food through the digestive tract.

Answer 46

peristalsis

Question 47

single projection on th elining of the small intestine that functions in the absorption of digested food; they increase the surface area of the small intestine and increase the absorption rate.

Answer 47

villus

Question 48

small cell fragments in the blood that help blood clot after an injury.

Answer 48

platelets

Question 49

snail-shaped structure in the inner ear containing fluid and hairs; produces electric impulses that the brain interprets as sound.

Answer 49

cochlea

Question 50

soft, flattened gland that secretes digestive enzymes and hormones; products help break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Answer 50

pancreas

Question 51

substance consisting of weakened, dead, or incomplete portions of pathogens or antigens that produce an immune response when injected into the body.

Answer 51

vaccine

Question 52

substances produced by a microorganism that, in small amounts, will kill or inhibit growth and reproduction of other microorganisms.

Answer 52

antibiotics

Question 53

surge of blood through an artery that can be felt on the surface of the body.

Answer 53

pulse

Question 54

thick bands of connective tissue that attach muscles to bones.

Answer 54

tendons

Question 55

thin layer of tissue found at the back of the eye made up of light receptors and sensory neurons.

Answer 55

retina

Question 56

tiny space between one neuron's axon and another neuron's dendrites over which a nerve impulse must pass.

Answer 56

synapse

Question 57

tube that transports urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder.

Answer 57

ureter

Question 58

tube through which urine is passed from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.

Answer 58

urethra

Question 59

tublike passageway for air flow that connects with two bronchi tubes that lead into the lungs.

Answer 59

trachea