Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Exercise Phys Final > body comp > Flashcards

body comp Flashcards

1
Q

__% of adults are obese

A

35.7%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Medical costs for those who are obese are _____ more per year

A

$1,400

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is there a relationship between education and obesity for males?

A

no; but there is for women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

If you have 3 or more factors it is considered metabolic syndrome

A 
abdomial obesity
triglyceride level >150
HDL  130
DBP > 85
fasting glucose > 100
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Obesity can lead to

A 
CAD
Type II diabetes
caners
hypertension
liver disease
osteoarthritis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

weight gain is __% culture and __% genetic

A

30; 25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is leptin

A

hormone produced by adipocytes that tells the hypothalamus to decrease hunger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T or F: physical activity alters leptin levels

A

F; they are independent

but PA does decrease fat % and therefore leptin concentration in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

2 main systems to modulate weight

A

homeostatic and hedonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Homeostatic

A

signaling from adipose tissue and gut to the brain
long term: leptin and insulin to hypothalamus
short term: Ghrelin, peptide YY respond to meals

*Ghrelin stimulates hunger and spikes before meals and then drops after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hedonic

A

serotonin and dopamine

repsond to cognitive influences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who burns more calories at rest? AA or Whites

A

Whites; therefore AA have a harder time losing and maintain weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what accounts for the largest percentage of cariation in body fat?

A

environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Between ages 20-40 men gain __lb per year

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Women 25-34 gain more or less than males per year?

A

MORE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

expect to weigh __ more pounds in your 50s

A

10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

in order to maintain weight when aging you need to ..

A

increase PA intensity starting at age 30

exercise 80-90 min 6-7 days/wk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

T or F: fitness is protective regardless of weight?

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

During weight gain, what happens to our adipocytes?

A

vast majority hypertrophy, in extreme obesity they hypertrophy and then hyperplasia (increase in numbers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What happens to adipocytes in weight loss?

A

decrease in size of cell, not number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

T or F: fat patterning is independent of body % fat

A

True; associated with health risks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is an apple figure

A

central obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why is central obesity bad

A 
higher risk for malignant obesity
insulin resistance
colon cancer
hypertension
CAD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is pear shape

A

Peripheral or gynoid Obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Normal waist circumference

A

shouldn’t be:
M: > 40” ; at 36” double colrectal cancer risk
F: >35” ; 32” double colorectal cancer risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is BMI good for?

A

population risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What should you use for individual risk?

A

calipers, BIA, hydrostatic weighing, waist circumference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

BMI=

A 
body mass (kg)/stature(m2)
1kg = 2.2 lb
1 in = .025 m

orrrrrrr

weight in lbs/ (height in inches^2) x 703

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

BMI classification

A

underweight: 40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

__ shaped curve for CAD __ shaped curve for all other caues

A

J and U

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What BMI is associate with low risk of death for men and women?

A

M: 23.5-24.9
F: 22-23.4

32
Q

A BMI of __ in someone over the age or 65 is considered under weight

A

23

33
Q

For children

A 
>95% = overweight
>85% = at risk
34
Q

modifiable risk factors for obesity

A

high birth weight
TV view time
parent inactivity
diet

35
Q

Fat free mass

A

water, protein and bone

36
Q

fat mass

A

storage and essential fat

37
Q

Essential fat

A

fat in the heart, lungs, liver splenn ( all organs) normal physiologic functing required

38
Q

Fat storage

A

fat packed primarily in adipose

39
Q

Minimal leanness standards

A

M: 3%
F: 12%

40
Q

why does BF affect menstal cycle

A

irrgeluarities in the HPA axis; decreased levels of gonadotropin releasing hormone, lower levels of leuteinizing hormone from pituitary

41
Q

hydrostatic weighing

A

Archimedes

Specific Gravity= weight in air/ loss of weight in water

42
Q

BD =

A

BD = mass/volume
D = mass of a person/ volume of water displaced
FF density = 1.1 g/cm2
Fat = .9 g/cm3

43
Q

someone who has more fat will float or sink?

A

float bc density of fat is less than water

44
Q

Body volume =

A

weight on a scale - underwater weight

45
Q

Bod Pod

A

BV = chambers reduced air volume when subject enters
body mass in air/ body volume
DIRI equation
BD –> body fat

46
Q

Skin fold measurements

A

subcutaneous fat

47
Q

Girth

A

circumferential measure

48
Q

skin fold is not a good estimation of __

A

visceral fat

49
Q

skin fold i about __% off from gold standard

A

3.5%

50
Q

girth measurement is about __% off

A

2.4-4%

51
Q

girth measurements are not good for

A

overly thin
excessively fat
trained people
strength trained

52
Q

BIA

A

bioelectrical impedance
low levels alternating electrical current
lower resistance in FFM and water vs fat or bone

53
Q

Ohms law

A

R=V/I

resistance = voltage/current

54
Q

Siri equation

A 
%BF = (495/D) - 450   M
%BF = (501/D) - 457   F
55
Q

problems with BIA

A

relies on hydration
if dehydrated, decrease impedance by increasing concentration of electrolytes and gives a lower body fat reading
increased hydration - falsely increases body fat
temperature - hot room, lowers fat estimation

56
Q

Cons of BIA

A

hydration, temp
not as good as girth and calipers
doesn’t measure the distributioon

57
Q

%BF norms

A

M: >20%
F: >30%

58
Q

How to determine Goal body weight

A

shold be based off percentage, not numbers

men: 15-20%
female: 22-25%

59
Q

1st law of thermodynamics

A

energy is neither created or destroyed

60
Q

weight is stable when

A

energy intake = expenditure (basal or resting, PA and thermal energy)

61
Q

A weight loss of ____% provides significant health benefits

A

5-10 %

62
Q

___% of people regain inital weight loss within 1 yr

A

33-50

63
Q

FITT for obesity

A

F: > 5 days/wk
I: moderate - vig
T: min 30min/day (150/wk) progress to 60min/day
T: intermittent at first, continuous and interval once they reach moderate
*resistance training and flexibility
* also resistance training and behavioral modification

64
Q

want to lose __% of initial BW over __months

A

5-10% in 3-6 months

65
Q

you should reduce caloric intake by ___ to lose weight

A

500-1,000 kcal.day

reduce dietary fat

66
Q

Short term water loss

A

initial weight loss from glycogen stores (containing large amounts of water)
little fat loss despite drop in weight

67
Q

__% of female athletes has DE

___% of males

A

62; 33

68
Q

Female triad

A

low energy
hypothalamic amenorrhea
osteoporosis

69
Q

Physiological signs and symptoms of eating disorder

A

bradycardia, hypotension, arrhythmias
hypoglycemia, low sex hormones, amenorrhea, dry skin
constipation, abominal pain, muscle cramps, edema
hypothermia
anemia
dental decay

70
Q

Anorexia

A

refusal to maintain BW

10% mortality rate within 10 yrs of diagnosis

71
Q

Bulimia

A 
more common
purging
bathroom after meals
excessive exercise
twice a week for 3 months
72
Q

shold have ___% of fat from total caloric intake

A

20-35 (

73
Q

% of carbs

A

45-65

74
Q

% protein

A

10-35

75
Q

___% of children 2-19 are obese

A

17
highest = blacks
mexicans, then hispanics

Exercise Phys Final (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions