BODY COMP & OBESITY Flashcards
(29 cards)
What are the two types of body fat?
Essential fat and storage fat.
What is essential fat?
Found in heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, intestines, muscles, CNS, and bone marrow; necessary for normal physiological functioning.
What is storage fat?
Found mainly in adipose tissue; consists of ~83% fat, 2% protein, and 15% water; includes visceral fat.
What is the purpose of measuring percent body fat?
Provides better insight than body weight, height-weight tables, or BMI for health concerns, particularly overweight status.
What is the formula for Body Mass Index (BMI)?
BMI = Body Mass / Height²
Example: Mass = 70 kg, Height = 1.75 m, BMI = 22.9 kg/m².
What are the BMI classifications for overweight and obesity?
Overweight: BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²; Obese: BMI ≥ 30 kg/m².
What are some limitations of BMI?
BMI ignores factors like age, gender, ethnicity, and body composition; it misclassifies some athletes due to higher muscle mass.
What are common techniques to assess body composition?
Direct measurement, MRI/CT Scan, DEXA, Hydrostatic Weighing.
What is the Siri Equation for measuring percent body fat?
Body Fat % = (495 ÷ Body Density) – 450.
What are the errors associated with hydrostatic weighing?
Difficulties in measuring underwater weight, inaccuracies in lung volume estimation, and not accounting for air in the body.
What is the BOD-POD?
An air-displacement method that estimates body volume, similar to hydrostatic weighing.
What is the significance of waist circumference?
Useful for assessing fat distribution and abdominal fat; high-risk threshold: ≥ 35 inches for women, ≥ 40 inches for men.
What are the health risks of being underweight?
Inability to handle medical stresses, menstrual irregularities, osteoporosis, and infertility.
What are the health risks associated with overweight/obesity?
Associated with cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome.
What is the definition of obesity according to BMI?
A person with obesity has a BMI > 30 kg/m².
What are the classifications of obesity based on BMI?
Class I Obesity: BMI ≥ 30 and < 35; Class II Obesity: BMI ≥ 35 and < 40; Class III Obesity: BMI ≥ 40.
What is the AMA’s definition of obesity?
Obesity is considered a chronic, progressive disorder of the energy homeostasis system, where excess adiposity may impair health.
What factors control energy balance?
Energy intake, energy expenditure, and environmental factors.
What is the prevalence of obesity in U.S. adults?
Obesity is prevalent in all U.S. states, with ≥20% of adults in every state affected.
What is the current landscape in obesity management?
Lifestyle remains the primary mode of treatment, but treatment gaps exist among healthcare professionals.
What are the uses and limitations of BMI in research studies?
BMI is useful for identifying trends and associations in large datasets, but it cannot differentiate between fat mass and lean mass, limiting its accuracy for individual body composition.
What are the uses and limitations of BMI in large populations?
BMI is a quick, inexpensive screening tool for obesity-related health risks in large groups but lacks accuracy for individuals due to variations in muscle mass, age, sex, and ethnicity.
What are the uses and limitations of BMI in individual health risk appraisals?
BMI gives a general indication of health risk but may misclassify muscular individuals as overweight/obese and underestimate risk in people with normal weight but high fat mass (normal-weight obesity).
What is the principle behind skinfold measurements?
Measures subcutaneous fat thickness at specific sites; body fat percentage is estimated based on the assumption that subcutaneous fat is proportional to total body fat.
