Body Composition

Question 1

Body Compostion

Answer 1

A way to describe the different components of the human body

Question 2

Essential Adipose Tissue

Answer 2

• Necessary to sustain life
• Found in bone marrow, organs, and CNS
• Females require more than males

Question 3

Non-Essential Adipose Tissue

Answer 3

• Stores fat for energy
• Found in intermuscular, intramuscular, visceral, and subcutaneous depots

Question 4

Intermuscular fat

Answer 4

• Very small
• Between muscles

Question 5

Intramuscular fat

Answer 5

• Very small
• In muscle fibers/cells

Question 6

Visceral fat

Answer 6

• Can be large
• Surrounds organs

Question 7

Subcutaneous fat

Answer 7

• Proportional to visceral fat
• Beneath the skin (insulation)

Question 8

The most accurate way to assess fat

Answer 8

Directly through cadavers, but it is not practical

Question 9

Less valid ways to assess fat

Answer 9

• Anthropometric (BMI and Circumferences)
• BIA
• Skinfolds
• Air displacement plethysmography

Question 10

Comorbidities of Obesity

Answer 10

• Type II diabetes
• CVD
• Depression
• High cholesterol
• Cancer
• Hypertension
• Stroke

Question 11

BMI: Underweight

Answer 11

Less than 18.5

Question 12

BMI: Normal

Answer 12

18.5 - 24.9

Question 13

BMI: Overweight

Answer 13

25 - 29.9

Question 14

BMI: Obesity

Answer 14

• Stage 1: 30 - 34.9
• Stage 2: 35 - 39.9
• Stage 3: Greater than 40

Question 15

BMI Calculation

Answer 15

Weight (kg) / Height (m^2)

*Convert inches to cm to m
*Multiply inches by 2.54
* Divide lbs by 2.2

Question 16

Body Fat Percentage

Answer 16

• 0 for men
• 1 for women

Question 17

Body Fat Percentage Equation

Answer 17

1.20 * BMI + (0.23 * age) - (10.8 * sex) - 5.4

Question 18

BMI and Mortality Graph

Answer 18

• J curve
• Underweight: Digestive and pulmonary disease
• Overweight: CVD, Gallbladder disease, and Diabetes

Question 19

Waist Circumference

Answer 19

Assesses subcutaneous and visceral fat

Question 20

Waist Circumference Ratio

Answer 20

Waist Circumference / Hip Circumference

*In cm

Question 21

Android vs Gynoid Patterns

Answer 21

Android patterns carry higher health risks

Question 22

Women Waist Risk Classifications

Answer 22

• Very low: Less than 70 cm
• Low: 70 - 89 cm
• High: 90 - 110 cm
• Very High: Greater than 110 cm

Question 23

Men Waist Risk Classifications

Answer 23

• Very low: Less than 80 cm
• Low: 80 - 99 cm
• High: 199 - 120 cm
• Very High: Greater than 120 cm

Question 24

BIA

Answer 24

• Determines resistance to flow as current passes through the body
• Water (muscle) conducts electricity well, and fat resists electrical flow

Question 25

Fast BIA current

Answer 25

Low body fat %

Question 26

Slow BIA current

Answer 26

High body fat %

Question 27

Advantages of BIA

Answer 27

- Quick and easy - Considers height and weight - Portable so it's good for larger individuals

Question 28

Disadvantages of BIA

Answer 28

- Inaccurate for extremely overweight and underweight individuals - Estimates lower body compo from upper-body measurements

Question 29

Skinfolds

Answer 29

- Measures subcutaneous fat - Evaluate storage fat in specific locations

Question 30

Skinfold procedures

Answer 30

- Be hydrated - Abstain from exercise 3-4 hours before - Take measurements on the right side - Always taken vertically or diagonally

Question 31

Skinfold sites for men

Answer 31

- Chest - Abdomen - Thigh

Question 32

Skinfold sites for women

Answer 32

- Triceps - Thigh - Suprailiac

Question 33

Densitometry

Answer 33

- Determining body density by measuring body mass and body volume - Mass (g) / Volume (mL)

Question 34

Bod Pod Advantages

Answer 34

- Subject and tester friendly - Ideal for special populations - Quick - Excellent validity

Question 35

Bod Pod Disadvantages

Answer 35

- Very expensive - Assumes constant density of fat-free mass and fat

Question 36

Hydrostatic weighing

Answer 36

Provides an estimate of total body volume after displacing the body in water

Question 37

Advantages of Hydrostatic Weighing

Answer 37

- Very accurate - Gold standard

Question 38

Disadvantages of Hydrostatic Weighing

Answer 38

- Subject-dependent because it requires skills - Timely and costly - Assumes constant density of fat-free mass and fat

Question 39

Fat Mass Density

Answer 39

0.9 g/mL

Question 40

Fat-Free Mass

Answer 40

1.1 g/mL

Question 41

Who is denser?

Answer 41

- Fat-free mass is more dense - Fat- Fat-free mass weighs more than fat mass - A lean individual that weighs the same as an obese individual would weigh more underwater because fat-free mass weighs more than fat mass