Body Dysmorphic Disorder Flashcards
(25 cards)
- Preoccupation with nonexistance or slight defects in visual appearance.
- Believe they look abnormal, unnattractive, ugly, or deformed, BUT really they are normal appearing
- Extreme cases: describe themselves as looking like freak, monster, burn victim, “elephant man”
- Focus on perceived unacceptability of themselves to others
(michael jackson)
Body Dysmorphia Disorder
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
- Mean age of onset
- Most common age of onset
- 2/3 have disorder before age ___.
- Mean: 16 - 17
- MC: 12 - 13
- 2/3 before: 18 years
What are 2 risk factors of Body Dysmorphia?
- Childhood neglect
- Childhood abuse
What are the 2 types of processing issues people w/ Body Dysmorphia have?
- Visual processing abnormality: --> bias for analyzing/encoding details RATHER than holistic/configural aspects
- Emotional processing deficits: –> misinterpretation of facial expressions
- Preoccupation w/ 1 or more “perceived” defects/flaws in physical appearance. (These flaws are NOT observable by others/appear slight to others).
- Think of themselves as unattractive, not right, or look hideous/monster
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
At some point in the course of body dysmorphic disorder, the individual has performed what 2 things?
- Repetitive behaviors (checking self in mirror, excessive grooming, skin picking, seeking reassurance)
- Mental acts (comparing their appearance to others)
On average, how many hours a day do people w/ BD spend in significant distress or impairment in social or occupational functioning?
3 - 8 hours / day
What do you need to specify if pt is dx w/ BD?
Specify if it is Muscle Dysmorphia (pt preoccupied w/ idea that his/her body is too small or insufficiently muscular)
- What else needs to be specified w/ pt dx w/ BD?
Degree of insight
- What 2 things are people w/ BD ashamed of?
(They don’t reveal sxs unless specifically asked. )
- Their appearance
- Being misunderstood/negatively judged
What are the 3 most common body areas of BD?
- Skin (acne, scars, lines, wrinkles, paleness)
- Hair (thinning, excess hair on body)
- Nose (size or shape)
(But any body area can be the focus)
- “some” individuals w/ BD are concerned about what?
- “many” have ideas/delusions of reference about what?
- “some” w/ Perceived asymmetry
- “many” believe others take special notice/mock them
- Majority of people w/ BD receive cosmetic tx to try and improve perceived defects, what are the 2 most common cosmetic tx?
- Dermatological
- Surgery
- Impaired social functioning, bc/ of appearance concerns, what are 2 ways people w/ BD cope w/ this?
- Avoid some social situations
- Completely homebound
- Self quality of life ratings are typically poor for people w/ BD.
- What % of “youths” report dropping out of school due to sxs associated w/ BD?
- 20%
- What is the most common comorbidity which onsets after patient develops BD?
- What are the next 2 most common?
- #1 Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
- Social anxiety disorder
- Substance related disorders
- What should you discourage as far as tx options go for BD? Why discourage this?
- Cosmetic interventions
- Most respond poorly to the procedures
-
Persistant (long standing) difficulty discarding or parting w/ posessions, REGARDLESS of their actual value
- Discarding (throwing away, recycling, giving away, selling)
- Perceived utility/aesthetic value
- Fear of losing important info
- Saving possessions is INTENTIONAL
Hoarding
Do males or females suffer more from Body Dysmorphic Disorder?
Equal, ratio is 1:1
- What % of people w/ Body Dysmorphia engage in camouflaging? (frequent clothing changes)
- How many times a day do they change their clothes?
- 90%
- > 4 times/day
Which insight of BD?
- Individual recognizes that the body dysmorphic disorder beliefs are definitely or probably not true OR that they may/may not be true.
Good or Fair Insight
Which insight of BD?
- Thinks beliefs are “probably true”
Poor Insight (majority of pts w/ BD)
Which insight of BD?
- Pt completely convinced the beliefs are true
Absent insight / Delusional beliefs
- What is the 1st line tx for BD?
(3 types)
- Consider tapering off meds after how long?
- CBT
-
SSRI
- Escitalopram***
- Sertraline
- Fluoxetine
-
Tricyclic antidepressants (inhibit reuptake of serotonin & norepinephrine
- Clomipramine
- 1 - 2 years taper off
