Body Fluid Compartments

Question 1

The percentage of total body water is ________ to age

Answer 1

Inversely related

Question 2

The percentage of total body water is ______ to the degree of body fat

Answer 2

Inversely related

Question 3

Adipose tissue contains ________ amount of water

Answer 3

Very litle

Question 4

The percentage of total body water is _____ in adult females than in adult males due to subcutaneous layer of adipose tissue.

Answer 4

Lower

Question 5

Total body water is distributed among which 3 major compartments

Answer 5

Blood plasma

Interstitial fluid

Intracellular fluid

Question 6

Plasma and interstitial fluid are separated by

Answer 6

Capillaries

Question 7

Intraocular, cerebrospinal, and the fluid in transit in the lumina of epithelial organs is the 4th, smaller fluid compartment that is called the _______ fluid compartment

Answer 7

Transcellular

Question 8

What 4 organs communicate the extracellular fluid with the external environment

Answer 8

Ailmentary canal
Lungs
Kidneys
Skin

Question 9

Major intracellular fluid ion is ?

Answer 9

Potassium

Question 10

Major extracellular fluid ions ?

Answer 10

Sodium and chlorid

Question 11

Protein concentration of plasma is _____ to ISF

Answer 11

Greater than in respect to

Question 12

Ionic concentration fo plasma is ____ to the ionic composition of the ISF

Answer 12

Similar to

Question 13

Substance used in the determination of exctracellular fluid volume

Answer 13

Inulin

Question 14

Substance used in the determination of plasma volume

Answer 14

I-albumin 131 (or Evan’s blue dye)

Question 15

When calculating the volume of extracellular fluid when using inulin, what has to be taken into account?

Answer 15

The amount of inulin that is naturally secreted by the kidneys

Question 16

Substance used to determine the total body water?

Answer 16

Antipyrine (or deuterated water or titrate water)

Can rapidly permeate cell membranes. Distributes uniformly throughout the ECF and ICF compartments

Question 17

Complications associated in using tritiated isotope water in calculating total body water?

Answer 17

This water is lost through every route possible to lose water from the body

Question 18

Factors that can cause extracellular and intracellular volumes to change

Answer 18

Ingestion of water

Dehydration

IV infusion

Large amount of fluid loss from GI tract

Abnormal amount of fluid loss from sweating or kidneys

Question 19

Extracellular fluid becomes hyperosmotic by one of which two way?

Answer 19

Water loss

Na Retention

Question 20

ECF becomes hyposmotic by what ?

Answer 20

Water gain

Na Loss

Question 21

Common causes of increased ADH secretion

Answer 21

Neuropsychiatric disorders

Drugs

Pulmonary disease

Postoperative patient

Question 22

Acute symptoms with [Na] between 120 meq/L and 125 meq/L (plasma)

Answer 22

Nausea and malaise

This is hyponatremia

Question 23

Acute symptoms with [Na] (plasma) between 110meq/L and 120 meq/L ?

Answer 23

Headache and lethargy

This is hyponatremia

Question 24

Acute symptoms with [Na] (plasma) below 110meq/L

Answer 24

Seizures

Coma

Permanent neurologic deficits

Death

(Severe hyponatremia)

Question 25

Are there chronic symptoms with hyposmolarity (hyponatremia)

Answer 25

No. There is brain osmotic adaptation.

Question 26

Explain brain osmotic adaptation

Answer 26

Cerebral swelling will increase the flow of brain ISF towards the CSF decreasing the amount of swelling Solutes move out of brain cells decreasing the amount of brain cell swelling

Question 27

Number of solute particles per 1L of water

Answer 27

Osmolarity

Question 28

Number of solute particles in 1kg of water

Answer 28

Osmolality

Question 29

Functional unit of the kidney is the

Answer 29

Nephron

Question 30

Renal disease with bilateral inflammatory changes in the glomeruli Characterized by blood in urine Protein in urine Decreased urinary output Edema

Answer 30

Glomerulonephritis