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PHGY 209 > BODY FLUIDS > Flashcards

BODY FLUIDS Flashcards

1
Q

HOMEOSTASIS

A

Functional activities / keeping the internal environment, the “Milieu interieur” relatively constant (at all the levels of organization)

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2
Q

milieu interieur

A

1- When healthy, the internal environment stays relatively constant
2- Environment surrounding individual cell is vastly different from external environment.

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3
Q

Father of physiology

A

Claude Bernard

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4
Q

How can we recognize body fluids

A

• VOLUME
• DISTRIBUTION
• CHARACTERISTICS
• FUNCTIONS

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5
Q

what’s happen when you’re healthy

A

the internal environment stays relatively constant

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6
Q

what is the most abundant fluid in the body?

A

water

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7
Q

the % body water can make of the body mass

A

45% to 75%

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8
Q

why there’s an big difference in the % of the body water

A

Our various tissues have different % of water and we don’t have the same amount of the tissue

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9
Q

% of water in the skin

A

70 %

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10
Q

% of water in muscle

A

75%

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11
Q

% of water in organs (heart, brain, liver, kidney)

A

70-80 %

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12
Q

% of water in dry tissue (bone)

A

25%

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13
Q

% of water in the fat

A

10%

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14
Q

what have a great impact of the amount of body water in the body

A

the amount of fat

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15
Q

more you have fat, ….

A

smaller your % of body water will be. This is because fat adds to the body mass, but adds very little body water, therefore, the % of water in the body will decrease (b/c the total body weight increases, but not the weight in water)

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16
Q

body water can …?

A
  • Dissolve solute
  • Be the medium in which metabolic reactions take place
  • Regulates body temperature
  • Lubricates joints
  • Carry nutrients and oxygen to cells
  • Help prevent constipation
  • Protect body organs and tissues
  • Help dissolve minerals and other nutriments to make them accessible to the body.
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17
Q

what’ happen if the body water content is computed as a fraction of lean body mass

A

the differences between individuals become insignifiant (excluding fat)

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18
Q

Standard Values for the Physiological reference:

A
  • 21 years old
  • White
  • 70 kg weight
  • 60% water = 42L
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19
Q

Things must adjust for … ?

A

Age, Sex, Weight, Race, ethnicity, Lifestyle

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20
Q

body water of the baby

A

both boys and girls have the same amount = 75%

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21
Q

body water of the adults

A

female = 50% (oestrogen have the characteristic to have more fat) and male = 60%

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22
Q

body water of old people

A

female = 45% and male = 50% (with age, both have less water because they start to lose muscle)

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23
Q

Calculations of body water:

A

(weight x %water) / 100 = kg=L

male 70kg= 42L
female 70 Kg = 35L
female 60kg = 30L

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24
Q

why knowing the amount of body water is important

A

to administrate water-soluble medication.

Male 60%: 100mg of medication = 100mg/42000ml = 0,0024mg/ml = 2,4ug/ml

Female 50%: 100mg of medication = 100mg/35000ml = 0,0029mg/ml = 2,9ug/ml

25
Q

how is the concentration of drugs if you have less water

A

Less there’s water, less the concentration of drugs is important

DOSING 10mg/7Kg

26
Q

how the body water changes

A
  • It changes from the individual to the external environment
  • Changes internally between different compartments
27
Q

what body water remains

A

constant in health
- a dynamic steady state

28
Q

water balance

A

The water can enter the system and leave the system.

Water Intake = Water output

29
Q

intake

A
  • Oral fluid (drink) = 1,2L
  • Oral food (eat) = 1,1L
  • Oxidative water from metabolism = 0,4L

= 2,7L

30
Q

output

A

Insensible (we don’t know that we loss this water)
- Lungs, breathing (leave water in the environment) ex. In the water when we breath = 0,4L
- Skin = 0,5L

Sensible (we are aware)
- Kidneys (it’s the one that is facultative to keep us in water balance) = 0,5L +1,2L
- Stool (feces) 0,1L

= 2,7

31
Q

obligatory losses:

A

the one that needs to append. Even if we don’t eat, we need to drink water, because we will lose 1.5L of water per day.

32
Q

insensible losses

A

lungs and skin

33
Q

Facultative losses:

A

vary with intake = urine

34
Q

Insensible perspiration:

A

1- You lose pure water
2- It’s a passive evaporation (affected by temperature and humidity)
3- Entire skin surface
4- continually

35
Q

Sweating (output section):

A

1- you lose an electrolyte solution
2- Need active energy/secretion
3- Happen where you have sweat glands
4- Only happen with high temperature / heavy work

36
Q

Water balance in essential to health to maintain

A
  • Normal solute concentrations
  • Normal blood volume and pressure

= adequate supply of O2 and pressure

37
Q

A negative water Balance:

A

1- Reduces intake
2- Excessive loss from Gut, If we are sick (vomit and diarrhea)
3- Excessive sweating
4- Excessive loss in expired air (if you are at high altitude, your body makes up for the fact that there is less air by making you breathe faster which makes you lose water faster.
5- Excessive Loss In urine (diabetes)

38
Q

Water intoxication

A
  • Excessive intake (the body will be WTF, the cells can’t take that much of water=health problems). It’s more critical for the infant.
    Ex.: in a marathon, if you just drink a cup per miles, it’s too much
  • Renal system failure
39
Q

% of water that turnover body weight in 24h (adults)

A

Adult: over 24 hours water turnover is 3-4% of total body weight

40
Q

% of water that turnover in body weight in 24h (infant)

A

Infant: over 24 hours water turnover is 10 % of total body weight. They have a higher surface with a small volume. It’s much easier for them to lost water with the skin.

41
Q

total body water of the body mass

A

60%

42
Q

the compartments differ in … ?

A

1- Size
2- Composition
3- Function

43
Q

are there isolated chambers

A

They are NOT rigidly isolated chambers…: the water can always travel between

Rather, these compartments are continuously interacting in a dynamic fashion…
With water exchanging freely between them

44
Q
  • Body Water compartments in a 70 Kg male (the % are always the same)
A
  • total body water = 60% of body mass = 42L
  • ICF = 2/3 = 28L (40% of body mass)
  • ECF = 1/3 = 14L (20% of body mass)
45
Q

Intracellular fluid:

A

all the water in the cell of the body

46
Q

Extracellular fluid

A

fluid outside all the cells of the body

47
Q

Major sub compartment of ECF

A
  • plasma
  • ISF, interstitial fluid
48
Q

minor sub comportment

A
  • lymph
  • transcellular fluid
49
Q

plasma

A
  • The fluid medium, in which blood cells are suspended.
50
Q

the composition of blood

A
  • plasma
  • Buffy Layer
  • RBCs
51
Q

Hematocrit (Ht)

A

Packed Cell Volume (PVC)

52
Q

Ht

A

The percentage of blood volume that is occupied by red blood Cells (erythrocytes)

53
Q

normal value of Ht

A

45%

54
Q

how to calculate Ht

A

height of erythrocyte column/height of whole blood column

55
Q

what’s append if we don’t have enough red blood cells

A

Red blood cells carry oxygen, and if we don’t have enough, we can have anemia

56
Q

% of plasma in ECF

A

1/4 of the ECF, 5% of the body fluids, 3.5L

57
Q

Interstitial Fluid = true “Milieu Interieur”

A

The fluid which percolates between individual cells

58
Q

% of interstitial fluid of EDF

A

1/4 of ECF, 15% of body fluids = 10.5L

PHGY 209 (6 decks)

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