Body fluids

Question 0

fluid accumulation due to infection, malignancy, or inflammatory disorder

Answer 0

exudate

Question 1

fluid accumulation due to CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome

Answer 1

transudate

Question 2

tests to distinguish transudate from exudate (3)

Answer 2

Total protein fluid to serum ratio
LDH
Glucose level

Question 3

cell types in normal serous fluid (4)

Answer 3

lymphocytes
monocytes
macrophages
mesothelial lining cells

Question 4

neutrophils in serious fluid indicates (2)

Answer 4

inflammation

infection

Question 5

eosinophils in serous fluid indicates (4)

Answer 5

hypersensitivity rxns
infections
malignancy
MI

Question 6

RBCs in serous fluid indicates (3)

Answer 6

hemorrhage
malignancy
traumatic procedure

Question 7

acidic pH in pleural fluid indicates (4)

Answer 7

infection
neoplasm
RA
esophageal rupture

Question 8

low glucose in pleural fluid indicates (3)

Answer 8

infection
neoplasm
RA

Question 9

elevated amylase in pleural fluid indicates (2)

Answer 9

pancreatitis

esophageal rupture

Question 10

parapneumonic effusion causes (3)

Answer 10

bacterial pneumonia
lung abscess
bronchiectasis

Question 11

malignant effusion causes (3)

Answer 11

lung cancer
breast cancer
lymphoma

Question 12

routine ascites tests (3)

Answer 12

albumin
cell count
culture

Question 13

conditions that cause ascites w/ portal HTN

Answer 13

cirrhosis, alcoholic hepatitis, CHF, liver metastases, portal vein thrombosis, veno-occlusive disease, myxedema, mixed ascites

Question 14

conditions that cause ascites w/out portal HTN

Answer 14

peritoneal carcinomatosis, peritoneal TB, pancreatic ascites, biliary ascites, nephrotic syndrome, serositis, bowel obstruction or infarction

Question 15

low WBCs in ascites

Answer 15

cirrhosis

Question 16

high WBCs in ascites

Answer 16

inflammatory processes

Question 17

abrupt onset of fever, chills, abd pain, rebound tenderness in a pt w/ cirrhosis & ascites

Answer 17

spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Question 18

noninflammatory synovial fluid cause

Answer 18

osteoarthritis

Question 19

mild inflammation in synovial fluid (2)

Answer 19

SLE

scleroderma

Question 20

severe inflammation in synovial fluid (3)

Answer 20

gout
RA
psuedogout

Question 21

infectious synovial fluid (2)

Answer 21

acute bacterial

TB

Question 22

septic joint tx

Answer 22

antibiotics to avoid joint destruction

emergency

Question 23

indications for joint aspiration (5)

Answer 23

monarthritis (with or without chronic polyarthritis)
trauma w/ joint effusion
suspicion of joint infection
crystal-induced arthritis
hemarthrosis

Question 24

gout crystals

Answer 24

needle-shaped, strongly negatively birefringent monosodium urate

Question 25

pseudogout crystals

Answer 25

rhomboid-shaped, weakly positively birefringent calcium pyrophosphate

Question 26

CSF glucose expected value

Answer 26

2/3 of plasma glucose

Question 27

elevated CSF glucose

Answer 27

hyperglycemia

Question 28

decreased CSF glucose (2)

Answer 28

bacterial meningitis | fungal infection

Question 29

elevated CSF protein (3)

Answer 29

bleeding hemolysis infection

Question 30

oligoclonal bands

Answer 30

diagnostic of MS

Question 31

MS diagnostics from CSF (2)

Answer 31

oligoclonal bands | myelin basic proteins

Question 32

xanthochromic supernatent on CSF indicates

Answer 32

bleeding process has been ongoing

Question 33

clear supernatent after spinning red CSF

Answer 33

traumatic tap

Question 34

elevated neutrophils on CSF

Answer 34

bacterial meningitis

Question 35

elevated lymphocytes in CSF (3)

Answer 35

viral TB fungal infection

Question 36

presence of plasma cells in CSF indicates (2)

Answer 36

MS | chronic inflammation

Question 37

eosinophilia on CSF indicates (2)

Answer 37

parasitic or fungal infection

Question 38

altered mental status, nausea, vomiting, photophobia

Answer 38

meningitis

Question 39

intermittent bacteremia is associated with (2)

Answer 39

onset of infection | tissue manipulation

Question 40

continuous bacteremia is associated with?

Answer 40

endovascular infection

Question 41

blood culture result suggestive of contamination

Answer 41

coag-neg staph

Question 42

blood culture result suggestive of bacteremia (5)

Answer 42

``` group A strep pneumococci H. flu psuedomonas Candida ```