Body fluids and Circulation

Question 1

Two components of blood and composition?

Answer 1

Plasma-55% and
Formed elements 45%

Question 2

Color of Plasma?

Answer 2

Straw Cloured

Question 3

Components of Plasma and Composition

Answer 3

Water-90-92%
Proteins-6-8%

Question 4

Major proteins of Blood

Answer 4

fibrinogen albumins globumins(FAG)

Question 5

Fucntions of Blood proteins>

Answer 5

Fibrinogen-clotting/coagulation
albumins-osmotic balance
globulins-defense mech.
(immunoglobulins)

Question 6

Mineral Composition of blood znd their state in blood,

Answer 6

Na+ Ca++ Mg++ Cl- Hco3-
glucose, Amino acids, Lipids
are always in transit

Question 7

Clotting factors of blood are present in —-

Answer 7

Inactive form

Question 8

Blood without clotting factors is called—-

Answer 8

Serum

Question 9

Most abundant cells in Blood

Answer 9

RBCs

Question 10

RBC and Hemoglobin levels in healthyhuman<

Answer 10

5-5.5 mil/100ml of blood
12-16g of hemoglobin/100 ml

Question 11

RBC Birth, life span, death

Answer 11

Red bone marrow
120days
spleen(graveyard of RBC)

Question 12

Why are leucocytes colourless.

Answer 12

No hemoglobin

Question 13

Leucocytes are Nucleated.

Answer 13

(Just fkn remember that )

Question 14

Granulocytes components and composition

Answer 14

Neutrophils(60-65%)
Eosinophils(2-3%)
Basophils(0.5-1%)
(NEB)

Question 15

Functions of leucocytes and Monocytes and their composition out of total WBCs

Answer 15

Lymphocytes-Immunity-20-25%
Monocytes-Phagocytic-6-8%

Question 16

Functions of granulocytes.

Answer 16

Neutrophils-Phagocytic
Eosinophils- allergic reactions and Resist infections
Basophils-inflammatory reactions( Heparin, serotonins ,histamines)

Question 17

Thrombocytes Composition and functions.

Answer 17

1,500,000-3,500,000/mm3 of blood.
Thrombocytes release variety of substances. mostly for clotting

Question 18

Rh incompatibility in case of Pregnancies is called and how can it be avoided

Answer 18

Erythroblastic foetalis.
By adminstrating anti-Rh antibodiesto the mother.

Question 19

What is a Clot

Answer 19

Network of threads called Fibrins.

Question 20

Fibrinogen—–>Fibrin. Enzyme required for this reaction is ?

Answer 20

Thrombin.

Question 21

Role of Thrombokinase in blood clotting.

Answer 21

An enzyme complex, required for conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.

Question 22

Thrombokinase formed by series of linked enzymatic reactions called.

Answer 22

cascade reaction.

Question 23

Factors involved cascade reactions are present in——-.And are released by——– at the site of injury/trauma.

Answer 23

Inactive state.
Platelets.

Question 24

What is a interstitial fluid.Its composition is similar to that of ———?

Answer 24

Water and Water soluble substances move out into the spaces between the cells of tissue as the blood passes through the the capillaries.
Its composition is similar to that of the blood plasma.

Question 25

What components of blood do not seep into the interstial spaces.

Answer 25

larger proteins and the formed elements

Question 26

What is a lymph and its Functions

Answer 26

The fluid present in the lymphatic tissues is known as the lymph. Colourless and containg the specialised lymphocytes Carrier for Nutrients and Hormones.

Question 27

Lymph is medium of exchange of ------ and ----- between the cells and the blood.

Answer 27

Nutrients and Gases

Question 28

Function of intestinal Lacteals.

Answer 28

To absorb fats into the lymphatic system.

Question 29

open and closed circulatory system are present in phylums.

Answer 29

Open-Arthropods and Molluscs. Closed- Annelids and Chordates.

Question 30

Why is a closed circulatory system considered advantageous.

Answer 30

The flow of fluids can be precisely regulated.

Question 31

Bicuspid valve is also known as the........... and is present in --------- side of heart

Answer 31

Mitral valve. Left Side | (''Bi's are leftists'')

Question 32

Inter atrial; Inter ventricular; Atrio ventricular seprations

Answer 32

Thin Muscular; Thick walled; thick fiberous tissue.

Question 33

Purkunje Fibres

Answer 33

Minute fibre of the nodal tissue branching from the AV bundle throughout the ventricular musculature.

Question 34

number of action potentials generated by the nodal tissue.

Answer 34

Vary at different parts of the the nodal tissue. SAN generates 70-75per min

Question 35

What are nodal tissue.

Answer 35

Nodal tissues are **specialised** cardiac musculature. *That are able to generate action potential **without any external stimuli.**

Question 36

What are nodal tissue.

Answer 36

Nodal tissues are **specialised** cardiac musculature. *That are able to generate action potential **without any external stimuli.**

Question 37

What are nodal tissue.

Answer 37

Nodal tissues are **specialised** cardiac musculature. *That are able to generate action potential **without any external stimuli.**

Question 38

What are nodal tissue.

Answer 38

Nodal tissues are **specialised** cardiac musculature. *That are able to generate action potential **without any external stimuli.**