body fluids and circulation

Question 1

list proteins in plasma

Answer 1

albumin, globulin, fibrinogens

Question 2

role of fibrinogen?

Answer 2

CLOTTING/COAGULATION OF BLOOD

Question 3

Globulin

Answer 3

defense mechanisms of the body

Question 4

albumins

Answer 4

help in osmotic balance

Question 5

what is serum

Answer 5

plasma without clotting factors

Question 6

HOW MANY ERYTHROCYTES IN HEALTHY ADULT MAN

Answer 6

5-5.5 million of RBCs per mm3 of blooc

Question 7

HOW MUCH HAEMOGLOBIN PER 100 ML OF BLOOD

Answer 7

12-16 GMS

Question 8

HOW MUCH WBCS PER MMCUBE OF BLOOD

Answer 8

6000-8000 mm3

Question 9

2 categories of wbc’s

Answer 9

granulocytes and agranulocytes

Question 10

what do granulocytes comprise of

Answer 10

granulocytes- neutro-, eosino-, baso-phils
agranulocytes- lymmphocytes and monocytes

Question 11

which is the most and least among wbc’s

Answer 11

neutrophils (60-65%) and basophils least (.5-1)

Question 12

purpose of all the wbc’s

Answer 12

• neutrophils and monocytes are phagocytic-destroy foreign organisms
• Basophils-secrete histamine, serotonin, heparin, etc. and involved in inflammatory reactions
• Eosinophils-resist infections and are associated with allergic reactions
• T and B lymphocytes- responsible for immune responses for the body

Question 13

how many times can SA node generate action potential

Answer 13

70-75 times per min

Question 14

how many cardiac cycles performed in a min

Answer 14

72

Question 15

duration of a cardiac cycle

Answer 15

0.8 seconds

Question 16

stroke volume

Answer 16

volume of blood pumped by each ventricle during one cardiac cycle=70 mL

Question 17

cardiac output

Answer 17

• defined as the volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle in 1 min - heart rate x stroke volume=5040 mL = avging 5 L.

Question 18

what is an ecg?

Answer 18

graphical representation of the electrical activity of the heart during a cardiac cycle

Question 19

role of sympathetic nerves in cardiac function

Answer 19

1. increase heart rate
2. increase strenght of ventricular systole
3. increase cardiac output
4. increase generation of action potential

Question 20

role of parasympathetic neural signals in cardiac function

Answer 20

1. decrease heart rate
2. decrease ventricular contraction
3. decrease cardiac output
4. decrease speed of conduction of action potential

Question 21

which other hormones increase cardiac output?

Answer 21

adrenaline and noradrenaline

Question 22

disorders

Answer 22

1. Hypertension(high BP)-bp is 140/90 or higher; affect heart and kidneys, cause heart diseases
2. CAD/astherosclerosis- deposits of fat, calcium, cholesterol, and fibrous tissues; making lumen of coronary arteries narrower
3. Angina pectoris-acute chest pain when no enough blood reaching heart; more common among middle aged and elderly.
4. Heart failure-when heart not pumping enough blood to meet body needs. aka congestive heart failure as congestion of lugns is major symptoom
5. cardiac arrest-heart stops beating
6. heart attack-heart muscle damaged due to insufficient blood supply