Body Fluids and Kidneys

Question 1

What are two sources of intake of H2O

Answer 1

How much you drink

Molecular H2O from metabolism

Question 2

Two output of H2O mechanisms

Answer 2

Insensible: not conscious loss of H2O

Respiration- breathing out: losing H2O from lungs

Question 3

What percent of BW is water?
Extracellular fluid?
Intracellular fluid

What is a third source of fluid?

Answer 3

60 percent BW=water

20 percent BW= extracellular

40 percent BW= intracellular

Transcellular fluids (synovial, peritoneal, pericardial)

Question 4

Blood volume is what percent of BW

Answer 4

7 percent of body weight

Question 5

Ionic composition of plasma and interstitial fluid is similar except for…
Why?

Answer 5

PROTEIN

Plasma membrane highly permeable to water and ions
Low permeability to proteins
Donnan effect of negatively charge plasma proteins

Question 6

Intracellular and extracellular separted by cell membranes which is highly permeable to what but not what?

Answer 6

Permeable to water but not to most other electrolytes

Question 7

What can be used to measure fluid volumes in different body fluid compartments?

Answer 7

Radioactive isotopes

Question 8

Relationship between moles and osmoles?

Answer 8

Moles= concentration of molecules

Osmoles= concentration of osmotically active molecules
(glucose vs NaCl….NaCl completely dissociates=2 mOsmol…glucose=1 mOsmol)

Question 9

1 mOsmol/L of impermeant solute causes ____ osmotic pressure

Answer 9

19.3 mmHg

Question 10

T/F Tonicity takes into account the total concentration of only penetrating solutes

Answer 10

F

Non-penetrating

Question 11

What’s an example of a substance that can penetrate membrane?

Answer 11

Urea

Question 12

Isosmotic

Answer 12

Osmolarity same as cell regardless of whether solute can permeate membrane

Question 13

Hyperosmotic and hypoosmotic

Answer 13

Osmolarity higher or lower than cell regardless of whether solute can permeate

Question 14

What happens to cell dropped in hypertonic saline solution

Answer 14

ECF increases
ICF volumes decreases
Cell shrinks

Question 15

Hyponatremia

Answer 15

Low plasma sodium

Cell swells

Question 16

Hypernatremia

Answer 16

High plasma sodium

Cell shrinks

Question 17

Hyponatremia dehydration

Answer 17

Overuse of diuretics

Low Na+
Low ECF
High ICF

Question 18

Hyponatremia overhydration

Answer 18

Xs ADH

Low Na+
High ECF
High ICF

Question 19

Hypernatremia dehydration

Answer 19

Diabetes insipidus

High Na+
Low ECF
Low ICF

Question 20

Hypernatremia overhydration

Answer 20

Cushing’s disease

High Na+
High ECF
Low ICF

Question 21

Examples of isotonic fluids

Answer 21

Normal saline
Lactated ringers solution
5 percent dextrose in water
Ringer’s solution