Body Fluids CIS

Question 1

total body water

Answer 1

around 42L total

broken to ICF and ECF

ECF is plasma and interstitial fluid

plasma is venous and arterial

Question 2

effective circulating volume

Answer 2

arterial

independent of ECF volume, plasma volume, and cardiac output

Question 3

transcellular fluid

Answer 3

3rd fluid compartment

CSF, synovial, etc.

Question 4

Vd

Answer 4

volume of distribution of drug

• apparent volume of body fluid in which total dose of drug is distributed at same concentration in plasma
• useful in calculating doses

Question 5

Vd < 3L

Answer 5

only in plasma

Question 6

Vd = 14L

Answer 6

drug in plasma and interstitial

Question 7

Vd > 45L

Answer 7

drug widely distributed and bound in body tissues

Question 8

body fluid compartments?

Answer 8

intake and output balanced

Question 9

intracellular?

Answer 9

potassium and phosphate

also proteins and magnesium slightly larger

Question 10

extracellular?

Answer 10

sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate

Question 11

what remains relatively stable between extra and intra compartments?

Answer 11

total mOsm/L

-in osmotic equilibrium

Question 12

more positive ions in plasma

Answer 12

because they can complex with negatively charged albumin

aka donnan effect**

Question 13

albumin

Answer 13

higher in ICF and plasma

lower in interstitial fluid

Question 14

proteins?

Answer 14

do not move across moembrane

-don’t impact osmolarity but do exert oncotic pressure

Question 15

malnourishment?

Answer 15

not enough albumin in vessels to hold in water

water goes to peritoneal cavity (distended abdomen)

Question 16

measure of body fluid compartment volumes

Answer 16

total body water, ECF, and plasma volume can be measured directly by dilution of injected radioactive substances or dyes

ICF then calculated by TBW - ECF
interstitial can be calculated ECF - plasma volume

Question 17

plasma volume and hematocrit known?

Answer 17

TBV = plasma / 1 - hematocrit

Question 18

osmolarity in ECF = ?

Answer 18

osmolarity of ICF

Question 19

why is Na and K concentration slightly higher in vascular space?

Answer 19

donnan effect

-negative charge of proteins within vasculature attracts positively charged ions

Question 20

balance in ECF?

Answer 20

between interstitial and intravascular

Na+ and osmolarity normally balanced

Question 21

osmolarity established

Answer 21

in ECF due to presence of Na and Cl

Question 22

disruption of pump activity?

Answer 22

ex/ hypoxia

increased ICF Na
water follows Na and cell swells

Question 23

intracellular osmolarity

Answer 23

established by presence of K+

Question 24

cell membrane

Answer 24

between ECF and ICF
-highly water soluble

not permeable to most electrolytes
fluid distribution dependent on osmotic effects of Na and Cl

Question 25

capillary cell membrane?

Answer 25

between ECF compartments highly permeable to small ions fluid distribution due to balance between capillary hydrostatic P and colloid osmotic P (Starling)

Question 26

maintenence of body fluid balance regulated by two factors which govern NaCl and water balance

Answer 26

ECF volume and ECF osmolarity

Question 27

osmotic equilibration

Answer 27

movement of water acros cell membranes from higher to lower concentration as result of osmotic pressure difference across membrane

Question 28

darrow-yannet diagram

Answer 28

concentration vs. volume

Question 29

what change occurs first?

Answer 29

ECF compartment change

Question 30

ICF and ECF?

Answer 30

in osmotic equilibrium water moves only when osmotic pressure gradient exists

Question 31

fluid distribution between plasma and interstitial fluid

Answer 31

maintained by balanced of hydrostatic and osmotic forces across capillaries

Question 32

fluid distribution between ECF and ICF

Answer 32

determined by osmotic effect of small solutes across cell membrane

Question 33

crystalloid fluids

Answer 33

contain varying concentration of electrolytes and can stay in ECF or be widely distributed ex/ normal saline, lactated ringers solution

Question 34

colloid fluids

Answer 34

contain large proteins and molecules that stay in the vascular space ex/ dextran, albumin

Question 35

isosmotic

Answer 35

solutions with same osmolarity as ECF there will be a volume increase only

Question 36

hyperosmotic

Answer 36

solution has higher osmolarity than that of ECF water moves from ICF to ECF -increase ECF volume and decreased ICF volume

Question 37

hyposmotic

Answer 37

solution has osmolarity less than ECF added to ECF, decreases osmolarity and water moves into cells (into ICF) ECF and ICF volume both increase

Question 38

tonicity

Answer 38

change in cell volume due to osmotic equilibrium with water movement across cell membranes

Question 39

hypotonic solution

Answer 39

cell swelling

Question 40

hypertonic solution

Answer 40

cell shrinking

Question 41

tonicity depends on

Answer 41

concentration of impermeant solutes in ECF vs. ICF

Question 42

fluid distribution between ICF and ECF determined by?

Answer 42

ion distribution | ATPase activity

Question 43

distribution of ECF between plasma and interstitial compartments determined primarily by

Answer 43

hydrostatic and oncotic pressure | intravascular pressure in capillaries vs. plasma proteins and solute concentration

Question 44

edema

Answer 44

inappropriate renal fluid retention

Question 45

non-pitting edema

Answer 45

swollen cells due to increased ICF volume

Question 46

pitting edema

Answer 46

increased interstitial fluid volume

Question 47

altered starling forces edema

Answer 47

interstitial increased by 2.5-3L -compensatory renal retention of sodium and water to maintain plasma volume in response to underfilling of the vasculature must occur in this situation to cause edema

Question 48

renal retention of sodium and water edema

Answer 48

inappropriate renal fluid retention

Question 49

isoosmotic volume contraction and expansion

Answer 49

osmolarity remains same in ICF and ECF only changes in ECF volume ex/ vomiting, diarrhea, infusion of 0.9% NaCl

Question 50

hyperosmotic volume contraction

Answer 50

loss of water -osmolarity increase and volume decrease in ECF -then ICF volume decreases to equilibrate ex/ dehydration, diabetes insipidus

Question 51

hyperosmotic volume expansion

Answer 51

gain in NaCl -osmolarity of NaCl increase and volume -then ICF volume decreases ex/ salt intake, mannitol infusion

Question 52

hypoosmotic volume contraction

Answer 52

loss of NaCl -ECF osmolarity and volume decrease ex/ hypoaldosteronism, adrenal insufficiency

Question 53

hypoosmotic volume expansion

Answer 53

gain of water -decreases osmolarity of ECF water increases in ECF and ICF volumes ex/ SIADH, psychogenic, polydipsia

Question 54

ADH

Answer 54

regulates osmolarity

Question 55

thirst

Answer 55

regulates osmolarity

Question 56

SNS

Answer 56

volume regulation

Question 57

RAAS

Answer 57

volume regulation

Question 58

ANP

Answer 58

volume regulation