Body Organization

Question 1

Chemical level

Answer 1

Atoms bond to form molecules

Question 2

Cellular level

Answer 2

Molecules combine to form the fluid & organelles of a body cell

Question 3

Tissue level

Answer 3

Similar cells form a body tissue

Question 4

Organ level

Answer 4

2+ different tissues combine to form an organ

Question 5

Organismal level

Answer 5

Many organ systems work to perform functions of an independent organism

Question 6

Elements

Answer 6

Unique pure substances - components of everything in the universe

Question 7

Atom

Answer 7

Smallest unit of any element

Question 8

Molecule

Answer 8

2+ atoms combined

Question 9

Cell

Answer 9

Smallest independently functioning unit of a living organism

Question 10

Tissue

Answer 10

Group of many similar cells that work together to perform a specific function

Question 11

Organ

Answer 11

Distinct structure of the body composed of 2 or more tissue types

Question 12

Organ system/ body system

Answer 12

Group of organs that work together to perform major functions and meet the physiological needs of the body

Question 13

Organism

Answer 13

The highest level of organization

Question 14

Anterior (ventral)

Answer 14

Front or direction toward the front of the body

Question 15

Posterior (dorsal)

Answer 15

Back or direction toward the back of the body

Question 16

Superior (cranial)

Answer 16

A position above or higher than another part of the body

Question 17

Inferior (caudal)

Answer 17

A position below or lower than another part of the body

Question 18

Lateral

Answer 18

The side or direction toward the side of the body

Question 19

Medial

Answer 19

Middle or direction toward the middle of the body

Question 20

Supine

Answer 20

Horizontal position with the body facing upward

Question 21

Prone

Answer 21

Horizontal position with the body facing downward

Question 22

Section

Answer 22

2 dimensional surface that has been “cut” from a 3 dimensional structure

Question 23

Plane

Answer 23

Imaginary 2 dimensional surface that passes through the body

Question 24

Sagittal plane (lateral plane)

Answer 24

Divides the body/organ vertically into right and left sides

Question 25

Midsagittal plane

Answer 25

When a sagittal plane runs directly down the middle of the body or an organ

Question 26

Frontal plane (coronal plane)

Answer 26

Divides the body/organ into an anterior (front) and posterior (rear) portion

Question 27

Transverse plane (axial plane)

Answer 27

Divides the body or organ horizontally into upper and lower portions. Transverse planes produce images referred to as cross-sections.

Question 28

Dorsal/Posterior and Ventral/Anterior Cavities

Answer 28

Largest body components

Question 29

Posterior/Dorsal Cavity

Answer 29

Contains the cranial cavity (brain, pineal and pituitary glands) and the spinal/vertebral cavity (enclosed the spinal cord)

Question 30

Anterior/Ventral Cavity

Answer 30

Thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

Question 31

Thoracic cavity

Answer 31

More superior subdivision of the ventral cavity Enclosed by rib cage Contains heart, lungs, trachea, bronchial tubes

Question 32

Mediastinum

Answer 32

Located between the lungs, contains, heart, trachea, esophagus, bronchial tubes

Question 33

Pericardial cavity

Answer 33

Within the mediastinum and is formed from the pericardium, which is a double membrane that surrounds the heart

Question 34

Pleural cavity

Answer 34

A smaller cavity within the thoracic cavity Lungs are protected by a double membrane called the pleura The space between the pleura is the pleural cavity

Question 35

Diaphragm

Answer 35

A muscle that forms the floor of the thoracic cavity and separates it from the more inferior abdominopelvic cavity

Question 36

Abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 36

Largest cavity in the body, Inferior subdivision of the ventral cavity Not divided by a membrane Houses the abdominal and pelvic cavities

Question 37

Abdominal cavity

Answer 37

Houses digestive organs (stomach, liver, gallbladder, small and large intestines) Organs are surrounded by a double membrane called the peritoneum

Question 38

Peritoneal cavity

Answer 38

The space between the double membrane that is the peritoneum

Question 39

Peritoneum

Answer 39

Adds protection and supports and reduces friction between the abdominal and pelvic organs

Question 40

Pelvic cavity

Answer 40

Inferior to the abdominal cavity Contains male or female reproductive organs, urinary system organs (urinary bladder, urethra, ureters), rectum, anus

Question 41

Spine

Answer 41

Spinal column, vertebral column Vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs 33 vertebrae (decreases with age to 24) 5 regions, increasing order from top to bottom

Question 42

Cervical

Answer 42

7 bones C1-C7 Neck

Question 43

Thoracic

Answer 43

12 bones T1-T12 Trunk, essentially

Question 44

Lumbar

Answer 44

5 bones L1-L5 Lower back

Question 45

Sacral

Answer 45

5 fused bones Sacrum is the fusion of sacral vertebrae

Question 46

Coccygeal

Answer 46

4 fused bones Coccyx (tailbone) is the fusion of coccygeal vertebrae

Question 47

Vertebra

Answer 47

A body, a vertebral arch, seven processes

Question 48

Body (vertebra)

Answer 48

Front portion of a vertebra Supports the body’s weight

Question 49

Vertebral arch

Answer 49

Back portion The large opening between the vertebral arch and the body contains the spinal cord

Question 50

Seven Processes

Answer 50

Outgrowths that arise from the vertebral arch, serve various functions, including attachments for muscles and ribs