Body Organization

Question 1

Caudal

Answer 1

Body parts located near sacral region or “tail”

Question 2

Cranial

Answer 2

Body parts located near the head

Question 3

Distal

Answer 3

Body parts away from the point of reference

Question 4

Proximal

Answer 4

Body parts close to the point of reference

Question 5

Dorsal/posterior

Answer 5

Body parts on the back of the body

Question 6

Ventral/anterior

Answer 6

Body parts on the front of the body

Question 7

Lateral

Answer 7

Body parts away from the midline

Question 8

Medial

Answer 8

Body parts close to the midline

Question 9

Inferior

Answer 9

Body parts below the transverse plane

Question 10

Superior

Answer 10

Body parts above the transverse plane

Question 11

Transverse plane

Answer 11

• horizontal plane that divides the body into a top and bottom half
• movement: rotation

Question 12

Sagittal plane

Answer 12

• plane that divides the body into a right and left side

* movement: flexion/extension

Question 13

Frontal/coronal plane

Answer 13

• plane that divides the body into front and back sections

* movement: abduction/adduction

Question 14

Cell

Answer 14

• The entire body is made of cells
• The basic structures of cells are the cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm
• all cells need food, water and oxygen to live and function

Question 15

Tissue

Answer 15

• groups of cells that work together to perform the same task
• 4 types of tissue: connective, epithelial, muscle and nervous

Question 16

Organs

Answer 16

• groups of tissues that work together to perform a specific function

Question 17

Systems

Answer 17

• groups of organs working together to perform one of the body’s major functions
• Systems have separate and distinct functions, but rely on one another to perform their tasks

Question 18

Epithelial tissue

Answer 18

Thin, flat and tightly packed so that they form a protective layer over underlying cells

Question 19

Muscular tissue

Answer 19

Slender rods that attach at the ends of the structures they move

Question 20

Nervous tissue

Answer 20

Usually have long, thin extensions that can transmit nerve impulses over a distance

Question 21

Connective tissue

Answer 21

Connects body parts

Question 22

Anatomical position

Answer 22

Standing, facing forward, palms out

Question 23

Directional terms

Answer 23

Rotation
Flexion/extension
Abduction/adduction
Circumduction

Ulnar/radial deviation (wrists)
Horizontal ab/add (shoulder)
Internal/external rotation (shoulder)
Lateral flexion (neck)

Question 24

Dorsal cavity

Answer 24

• cranial cavity

- spinal cavity

Question 25

Ventral cavity

Answer 25

- Thoratic cavity - diaphragm - abdominal cavity - pelvic cavity

Question 26

Cranial

Answer 26

Contains: brain

Question 27

Spinal

Answer 27

Contains: spinal cord

Question 28

Thoratic cavity

Answer 28

Contains: heart, lungs, esophagus and trachea

Question 29

Abdominal

Answer 29

Contains: digestive and urinary systems • stomach, L/S intestine, kidneys, gallbladder, pancreas, liver, spleen

Question 30

Pelvic cavity

Answer 30

Reproductive system, bladder, rectum

Question 31

Flexion

Answer 31

Decreasing a joint

Question 32

Extension

Answer 32

Increasing a joint

Question 33

Internal rotation

Answer 33

Rotating toward the midline

Question 34

External rotation

Answer 34

Rotating away from the body

Question 35

Abduction

Answer 35

Movement away from the midline

Question 36

Adduction

Answer 36

Movement toward the midline

Question 37

Cell membrane

Answer 37

* The outer covering of the cell * holds substances inside the cell * helps the cell maintain its shape

Question 38

Nucleus

Answer 38

* The central portion of each cell * directs the cells activity * contains chromosomes * all cells have a nucleus except for red blood cells (RBC) they are 'enucleated' (without a nucleus)

Question 39

Cytoplasm

Answer 39

* surrounds the nucleus | * performs the work of the cell, such as reproduction and movement

Question 40

Mitochondria

Answer 40

* Powerhouse/supplies energy | * DNA blueprint

Question 41

Ribosomes

Answer 41

Produces proteins

Question 42

Lysosomes

Answer 42

Breaks down molecules

Question 43

Golgi apparatus

Answer 43

Transports proteins

Question 44

Epigastric region

Answer 44

Above the stomach

Question 45

Inguinal region

Answer 45

Groin

Question 46

Hypochondriac region

Answer 46

Below or under the ribs

Question 47

Umbilicus region

Answer 47

Belly button

Question 48

Lumbar region

Answer 48

Low back

Question 49

Hypogastric region

Answer 49

Below the stomach

Question 50

Why do we use regions?

Answer 50

The abdominal cavity is so large, it is helpful to divide it into regions