Body Organization and Terminology Flashcards
(136 cards)
1
Q
the study of the structure of the
body and its relationships between the body parts (the word means cutting apart).
A
Anatomy
2
Q
is the study of structures which can be viewed with the naked eye.
A
Gross anatomy
3
Q
is the study of structures that can be seen with magnification. It includes cytology and histology.
A
Microscopic anatomy
4
Q
is the study of normal function in
the body (the word means study of nature).
A
Physiology
5
Q
is the study of metabolic processes in the cells and interactions between cells
A
Cell physiology
6
Q
is the study of function of specific organs or organ systems.
A
Systemic physiology
7
Q
chemical bonds bind atoms together
forming molecules. Molecules binding together through chemical bonds form organelles
A
Chemical level
8
Q
organelles are organized to form cells.
A
Cellular level
9
Q
cells with similar structure and function group together to make tissues
A
Tissue level
10
Q
2 or more tissues are arranged in an organ
A
Organ level
11
Q
a collection of organs which carry out
related functions
A
Organ system level
12
Q
is the highest level of organization and
includes all organ systems.
A
Organism level
13
Q
organization of levels from smallest to largest
A
chemical level
cellular level
tissue level
organ level
organ system level
organism level
14
Q
a universally accepted position for the body.
A
Anatomical position
15
Q
label this
A
16
Q
A
17
Q
forehead
A
frontal
18
Q
nose
A
nasal
19
Q
eye
A
ocular
orbital
20
Q
ear
A
otic
21
Q
cheek
A
buccal
22
Q
neck
A
cervical
23
Q
thorax
A
thoracic
24
Q
chest
A
thoracic
25
breast
mammary
26
abdomen
abdominal
27
navel
umbilical
28
pelvis
pelvic
29
hand
manual
30
groin
inguinal
31
pubis
pubic
32
thigh
femoral
33
foot
pedal
34
skull
cranial
35
face
facial
36
head
cephalic
37
mouth
oral
38
chin
mental
39
armpit
axillary
40
arm
brachial
41
front of elbow
antecubital
42
forearm
antebrachial
43
wrist
carpal
44
palm
palmar
45
thumb
pollex
46
fingers
digits
47
kneecap
patellar
48
leg
crural
49
ankle
tarsal
50
toes
digits
51
great toe
hallux
52
shoulder
acromial
53
back
dorsal
54
back of the elbow
olecranal
55
loin
lumbar
56
buttock
gluteal
57
back of tyeh knee
popliteal
58
calf
sural
59
heel of foot
calcaneal
60
sole of foot
plantar
61
how does the sagittal plane divide the body?
right and left
62
how does the Midsagittal plane divide the body?
cut in the midline and equally into two halves
63
how does the Parasagittal plane divide the body?
a cut that divides the body unequally into a right and left
64
Types of sagittal planes
parasagittal Plane
and
Midsagittal Plane
65
what plane is this
frontal plane
66
what plane sections is this
Sagittal plane
67
what sectional plane is this
transverse or horizontal
68
how does the coronal plane divide the body?
anterior and posterior
69
how does the transverse plane divide the body?
superior and inferior position
70
How does longitudinal section run?
lengthwise in the direction of the long
axis of the body.
71
How does the transverse section run?
A section that runs at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the
body.
72
How does the oblique section run?
formed by cuts that are not made along any anatomical planes, but instead deviate from these planes.
73
label this
74
towards the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk
proximal
75
away from the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk
distal
76
toward the midline
medial
77
away from the midline
lateral
78
At, near, or relatively close to the body surface
superficial
79
toward the interior of the body;
farther from the surface
deep`
80
label this
81
Eleven Organ Systems
* Integumentary system
* Nervous system
* Skeletal system
* Endocrine system
* Muscular system
* Cardiovascular system
* Lymphatic system
* Urinary system
* Respiratory system
* Digestive system
* Reproductive system: male/female
82
what organs are in the integumentary system
skin
hair
sweat glands
nails
83
what are the functions of the integumentary system
- Protects against environmental hazards
- Helps regulate body temperature
- Provides sensory information
84
what system is this
Integumentary System
85
what system is this
Skeletal System
86
what system is this
Muscular System
87
what system is this
Nervous System
88
what are the organs for the nervous system
brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, sensory organs
89
what are the functions of the nervous system
- Directs immediate responses to stimuli
- Coordinates or moderates other organ
systems
- Provides and interprets sensory info.
90
what are the organs for the skeletal system
bones
cartilage
associated ligaments
bone marrow
91
what are the functions for the skeletal systems
- Provides support and protection for
other tissues
- Stores calcium and other minerals
- Forms blood cells
92
what are the organs of the endocrine system
Pituitary gland
Thyroid pancreas
Adrenal gland
Gonads
Endocrine tissue
93
what are the functions for the endocrine system
- Directs long-term changes in other
organ systems
- Adjusts metabolic activity and energy
use
- Controls many structural and functional
changes during development
94
what are the organs of the muscular system
skeletal muscles
associated tendons
95
what are the functions of the muscular system
- Provides movement
- Provides protection and support for
other tissues
- Generates heat that maintains body
temperature
96
what are the organs for the cardiovascular system
heart
blood
blood vessels
96
what are the functions of the cardiovascular system
- Distributes blood cells, water, nutrients,
waste products, oxygen, and carbon
dioxide
- Distributes heat to control body temp.
96
what are the organs for the Respiratory System
Nasal cavities
Sinuses
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs
Alveoli
96
what are the functions of lymphatic system
- defends against infection and disease,
- returns tissue fluids to the
bloodstream.`
96
what are the functions of the urinary system
- Excretes waste products from the blood
- Controls water balance by regulating
volume of urine produced
- Stores urine prior to voluntary
elimination
- Regulates blood ion concentrations and
pH
97
what are the organs for the lymphatic system
spleen
thymus
lymphatic vessels
lymph nodes
tonsils
97
what are the organs of the urinary system
kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra
98
what are the functions of the respiratory system
- Delivers air to alveoli (sites in lungs
where gas exchange occurs)
- Provides oxygen to bloodstream
- Removes carbon dioxide from
bloodstream
- Produces sounds for communication
98
What are the organs for the Digestive System
Teeth
tongue
pharynx
esophagus stomach
small intestine,
large intestine
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
98
What are the Functions for the Digestive System
- Processes and digests food
- Absorbs and conserves water
- Absorbs nutrients
- Stores energy reserves
98
What are the organs for the Male Reproductive System
Testes
epididymis
ductus deferens
seminal vesicles
prostate gland
bulbourethral glands,
penis
scrotum
99
what system is this
endocrine system
100
what system is this
cardiovascular system
101
what system is this
Lymphatic System
102
what system is this
Respiratory System
103
what system is this
Digestive System
104
what system is this
Urinary System
105
what system is this
Male Reproductive System
106
what system is this
Female Reproductive System
107
What are the functions for the Male Reproductive System
- Produce offspring through the
production of sperm cells, and
hormones.
- Plays a role in sexual intercourse
108
What are the organs for the Female Reproductive System
Ovaries
uterine tubes
uterus
vagina
labia
clitoris
Mammary glands.
109
What are the functions for the Female Reproductive System
- Produces offspring through the
production of sex cells.
- Supports developing embryo
- Produces milk.
- Plays a role in sexual intercourse.
110
why are the organs of the body is located in different cavities
This protects the organs and allows for the organs to move freely within the cavity.
111
what membrane lines the organs within the cavity
serous
112
what are the serous membrane two layers
visceral layer
parietal layer
113
what layer is further away from the organ closer of the body wall
Parietal layer
114
what layer lays directly on the organs
Visceral layer
115
label these body cavities
116
what are the body cavity functions
lines body cavity and covers organs
117
what cavity houses the heart
pericardial
118
what cavity houses the lungs
pleural
119
what cavity houses some of the abdominal organs
Peritoneal cavity
120
how many abdominopelvic quadrants are there
four
121
how many abdominopelvic regions are there
nine
122
label these abdominopelvic quadrants
123
label these abdominopelvic regions
124
the relationship between the abdominopelvic quadrants and regions and the location of their internal organs are shown here
anatomical relationships
125
label these organs
126
what solution is the cell in?
hypotonic
127
what solution is the cell in?
isotonic
128
what solution is the cell in?
hypertonic
