body planes/directions

Question 1

Anatomical Position

Answer 1

¬Body position used as a reference when describing body parts
¬Body is erect, eyes forward, hands at sides, palms facing out, and lower limbs parallel with toes pointing forward

Question 2

Midline

Answer 2

¬Anatomical centre of the body

¬Divides the body into equal anterior/posterior sections and right and left sides

Question 3

Anterior (ventral)

Answer 3

¬Toward the front of the body

¬The belly surface of the body

Question 4

Posterior (dorsal)

Answer 4

Toward the back of the body

The back surface of the body

Question 5

Medial

Answer 5

Toward the midline of the body

Question 6

Mesial

Answer 6

Toward the midline of the inside of the mouth

Question 7

lateral

Answer 7

¬Toward the side of the body

¬Away from the midline of the body

Question 8

Superior (cranial or cephalad)

Answer 8

¬Above another part of the body

¬In a higher position on the body– relative to another part of the body

Question 9

Inferior (caudal)

Answer 9

¬Below another part of the body

¬In a lower position on the body– relative to another part of the body

Question 10

Distal

Answer 10

¬Farther from the attachment point, midline, or reference point of the body – Relative to another body part

Question 11

Proximal

Answer 11

¬Closer to the attachment point, midline, or reference point of the body – Relative to another body part

Question 12

superficial

Answer 12

¬ Close to the surface of the body

Question 13

deep

Answer 13

towards the inside of the body

Question 14

abduction

Answer 14

¬ To move a body part away from the midline

Question 15

adduction

Answer 15

¬ To move a body part toward the midline

Question 16

flexion

Answer 16

¬ Movement at a joint of the body that decreases an angle of the joint

Question 17

extension

Answer 17

¬ Movement at a joint of the body that increases an angle of the joint

Question 18

body planes

Answer 18

Directions in which the body can be cut

Question 19

transverse horizontal plane

Answer 19

 Any plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions

Question 20

Coronal (frontal) plane

Answer 20

Any plane that is made laterally (side to side) at the midline (middle) of the body and divides the body into anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) portions

Question 21

Midsagittal Plane

Answer 21

Any plane that is made vertically (front to back) at the midline (middle) of the body and divides the body into EQUAL left and right halves

Question 22

Sagittal Plane

Answer 22

Any plane that is made vertically (front to back) at the midline (middle) of the body and divides the body into left and right halves – DOES NOT HAVE TO BE EQUAL

Question 23

Body Cavities

Answer 23

Further division of the body

Relates to the location of internal organs

Organs are located in the dorsal and ventral cavities

Question 24

Ventral (Anterior) Cavity

what organs does it include and which cavities?

Answer 24

Contains all the organs from the neck to the pelvis

Includes: Thoracic, Abdominal and Pelvic Cavities

Question 25

Thoracic Cavity where is it and which organs are in it?

Answer 25

Uppermost part of the ventral cavity Area of the chest above the diaphragm Contains: Heart, and the lungs; esophagus, trachea, thymus, blood and lymph vessels Separated from the abdominal cavity by the diaphragm

Question 26

Abdominal Cavity where is it and which organs are in it

Answer 26

Middle part of the ventral cavity – the belly Area of the stomach, below diaphragm Contains: Kidneys, stomach, intestines, and related digestive structures Lack of anatomical separation with pelvic cavity – therefore, referred to as the abdominopelvic cavity

Question 27

Pelvic Cavity where is it and which organs are in it

Answer 27

Lowest part of the ventral cavity Area of the low belly Contains: Organs of reproduction and elimination Lack of anatomical separation with abdominal cavity – therefore, referred to as the abdominopelvic cavity

Question 28

Dorsal (posterior) cavity what organs does it include and which cavities?

Answer 28

Contains the nervous system – brain, spinal cord, nerves and related structures Includes: Cranial Cavity and Spinal Cavity

Question 29

Cranial Cavity where is it and what organs are in it

Answer 29

Located in the skull Contains the brain

Question 30

Spinal Cavity where is it and what organs are in it

Answer 30

Also called the Spinal Canal Located within the bony spinal column Contains: Spinal cord and spinal fluid

Question 31

another name for anterior regarding cavities

Answer 31

ventral

Question 32

another name for posterior regarding cavities

Answer 32

dorsal

Question 33

what cavities are organs in

Answer 33

Organs are located in the dorsal and ventral cavities

Question 34

how many quadrants are in the body

Answer 34

9