Body Segment Parameters

Question 1

Internal vs External work?

Answer 1

• internal work is done on segments

- external work is done on external load

Question 2

What are joint reaction forces?

Answer 2

are the reaction forces between segments, which arise when the model is broken at the joints into segment parts

Question 3

What are bone-to-bone forces?

Answer 3

Bone-on-bone forces are the actual
forces seen across the articulating surface of a joint and include the effect of muscle
activity. The difference arises because muscles are not torque motors.