Body Stuff

Question 0

State one function of progesterone during early pregnancy

Answer 0

Causes blood vessels to form in the endometrium

Question 1

Describe the effect of testosterone on the testes of an adult.

Answer 1

Promotes sperm production in the seminiferous tubules.

Question 2

Name a stage of embryo development that comes between fertilisation and differentiation.

Answer 2

Blastosite

Question 3

What effect does oestrogen have on the uterus between days 4 and 12 in the cycle.

Answer 3

Build up of the endometrium.

Question 4

What key event in the menstrual cycle occurs before a follicle develops into a corpus luteum?

Answer 4

Ovulation

Question 5

What is sickle cell disease?

Answer 5

It’s an autosomal blood disorder in which a faulty form of haemoglobin is produced. This protein is an inefficient carrier of oxygen.

Question 6

What is Sickle cell disease caused by?

Answer 6

It’s caused by a substitution mutation in the gene that codes for haemoglobin.

Question 7

During IVF treatment, it is possible to detect single gene disorders in fertilised eggs before they are implanted into the mother.
Give the term that describes this procedure?

Answer 7

CVS

Question 8

Describe how the presence of muscle tissue in the artery wall helps to control the flow of blood around the body.

Answer 8

Allows to contract and relax.

Question 9

Name two types of blood vessels within tissue of an athlete.

Answer 9

Artery and capillary.

Question 10

The athlete ran on a treadmill at a high speed for ten minutes.
Explain why the concentration of lactic acid in his blood increased during this time.

Answer 10

Muscles are despairing anarobicly

Question 11

What fluid surrounds the muscle cells?

Answer 11

Tissue fluid

Question 12

Some of the tissue fluid is re absorbed into the bloodstream. How else is tissue fluid removed from around the muscle cells?

Answer 12

Lymphatic vessels

Question 13

Name 3 blood vessels within the human heart.

Answer 13

Superior vena cava, aorta, pulmanory artery.

Question 14

Describe the function of the semi lunar valve.

Answer 14

Once the blood has passed up through the semi lunar valve, it closes shut again and stops the blood from running back down into the left ventricle

Question 15

During which stage of the cardiac cycle do the semi lunar valves open?

Answer 15

Ventricular systole

Question 16

During which stage of the cardiac cycle is the atrioventricular valve closed?

Answer 16

Ventricular systole

Question 17

Describe the effect of the autonomic nervous system on the sinoatrial node (SAN)

Answer 17

The autonomic nervous system has 2 parts: the sympathetic division which speeds the heart rate up and the parasympathetic division which slows the heart rate down.

Question 18

State the function of the coronary artery

Answer 18

Carries oxygen and glucose to the heart cells.

Question 19

When a man excersises, the volume of blood leaving his heart increases significantly.
Describe how the nervous system causes this increase.

Answer 19

More impulses coming from the medulla and travelling along the sympathetic nerve to speed up the heartbeat.

Question 20

When an individual’s blood pressure was measured an hour after exercise, a reading of 140/90mm/Hg was recorded.
Explain why 2 figures are given for a blood pressure reading.

Answer 20

One figure is the sistolic pressure and the other is a diastolic pressure.

Question 21

An individual was diagnosed as having high blood pressure.
One of the effects of this was that their ankles regularly swelled up due to the build up of tissue fluid.
Explain the link between high blood pressure and the build up of tissue fluid.

Answer 21

High blood pressure makes it hard for tissue fluid to diffuse into them at the Venus end of a capillary bad.