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CNA > BODY SYSTEM TEST > Flashcards

BODY SYSTEM TEST Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the integumentary system

A
  • prevents microorganisms and other substances from entering the body
  • prevents excess amount of water leaving the body
  • protects organs from injury
  • senesces stimulations
  • synthesizes vitamin D
  • regulate body temp
  • excrete waste, sebum, and sweat.
  • Absorbs and helps heal cuts
  • first line of defense
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2
Q

Epidermis

A

cells that produce pigment and protect the immune system

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3
Q

Dermis

A

contain nerve endings, oils, sweat glands, and hair folliciles.

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4
Q

subcutaneous

A

Fat connective tissue with large blood vessels

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5
Q

How many bones in the body

A

206 bones

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6
Q

types of bone

A

Long, short, flat, and irregular

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7
Q

long bones

A

(femur) bear the body’s weight

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8
Q

Short bones

A

(knee caps) allow skill and ease in movement

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9
Q

Flat bones

A

(sternum) protect organs

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10
Q

irregular bones

A

(vertebrae) protection of nerve tissue and support upper trunk

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11
Q

3 types of joints

A

1) ball and socket to allow movements in all direction
2) Hinge allow movement in one direction
3) Pivot, allow movement from side to side

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12
Q

ABDUCTION

A

away

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13
Q

adduction

A

towards

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14
Q

extension

A

open

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15
Q

flexion

A

close

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16
Q

5 main functions of the MS

A

movement, support, protection, heat generation, and blood circulation

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17
Q

Central nervous 3 division

A

Central nervous system (CNS) Peripheral nervous system(PNS) Autonomic nervous system (ANS).

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18
Q

CNS

A

(brain &spinal cord with 12 nerves) integrate information from the peripheral nervous system and respond to it,

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19
Q

PNS

A

(cranial and spinal nerves) communicate info between CNS and rest of the body

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20
Q

ANS

A

(visceral motor nerves) conduct impulses for involuntary movement

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21
Q

Somatic Nervous system

A

voluntary movement

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22
Q

function of the cerebellum

A

controls balance and the smooth movement of the voluntary movements.

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23
Q

Functions of cerebrum

A

largest part of the brain and initiates reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving. along with regulating body temp. divided into right and left hemisphere

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24
Q

function of the medulla oblongata

A

control vital processes like your heartbeat, breathing and blood pressure.and connects spinal cord and brain

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25
Q

Lobes of the brain

A

frontal(reasoning, motor control, emotion, and language), parietal (processing information from the body’s senses), temporal(hearing, memory, emotion, and some aspects of language), and occipital lobes(interpreting incoming visual information.)

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26
Q

neurons

A

sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons

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27
Q

Brain stem

A

regulate breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, eating, (autonomic functions) midbrain pons medulla

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28
Q

Sympathetic division

A

(speeds)involuntary movements, danger, races heart and tense

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29
Q

Parasympathetic division

A

(slow)Also past of autonomic division to relax body, and promote digestion.

30
Q

nerves

A

12 cranial 31 spinal

31
Q

Days of a red blood cell white blood cells, plaletes

A

115 days, 123, and 4 days(110, 1-3(plasma 3-5)10)

32
Q

lymph

A

vessels and nodes- carry clear water fluid to filtrate

33
Q

Pericardium

A

outermost layer composed of 2 thin fibrous protective layer containing

34
Q

Muscle Function

A

movement of body parts, posture, and body heat

35
Q

3 main parts of the brain

A

cerebrum, cerebellum, an brainstem.

36
Q

Chamber of the hearts

A
  • right atrium(receives blood from body tissues
  • left atrium (receives blood from lungs)
  • right ventricle (pumps into lungs
  • left ventricle(pumps to the body)
37
Q

diasole

A

resting phase

38
Q

systole

A

working phase

39
Q

Respiratory system

A

each lung is covered by two-layered sac called the plerua

40
Q

21%of air is

A

oxygen

41
Q

diaphragm

A

contract rhythmically to pull in and push out air

42
Q

bony framework of the respiratory

A

ribs, sternum, and vertebrae

43
Q

epiglottis

A

lid over the larynx

44
Q

where does digestion start

A

mouth

45
Q

alimentary canal (GI tract)

A

mouth to anus

46
Q

Steps of digestion

A

The processes of digestion include six activities:
ingestion, propulsion, mechanical or physical digestion,
chemical digestion, absorption, and defecation.

47
Q

Enzymes

A

Amylase – made in the mouth and pancreas; breaks down complex
carbohydrates
• Lipase – made in the pancreas; breaks down fats
• Protease – made in the pancreas; breaks down proteins
• Pepsin – pepsin is secreted by the stomach to break down proteins into
peptides, or smaller groupings of amino acids.
• Trypsin – trypsin forms when an enzyme secreted by the pancreas is
activated by an enzyme in the small intestine.

48
Q

What muscle help with peristalsis

A

smooth muscle , esophagus

49
Q

chemical and mechanical digestion

A

Mechanical digestion involves physically breaking down food substances into smaller particles to more efficiently undergo chemical digestion. The role of chemical digestion is to further degrade the molecular structure of the ingested compounds by digestive enzymes into a form that is absorbable into the bloodstream.

50
Q

meatus

A

opening of urethra

51
Q

Bartholin’s glands (or greater vestibular glands

A

providing moisture for the vestibule.

52
Q

Hypothalamus

A 
-Growth-hormone-releasing hormone
(GHRH)
-Growth-hormone-inhibiting hormone
(GHIH)
-Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
-Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
53
Q

Pituitary gland

A

has 2 lobes(anterior and posterior pituitary gland.) and located in the hypothalamus

54
Q

anterior pituitary

A

i. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
ii. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
iii. Growth hormone (GH)
iv. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
v. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
vi. Prolactin
vii. Thyroid-stimulating hormone

55
Q

posterior pituitary

A

. Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin

56
Q

thyroid gland

A

butterfly shape (CalcitoninTriiodothyronine (T3) Thyroxine (T4))

57
Q

pineal gland

A

above thalamus melatonin response to light and dark

58
Q

adrenal glands

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

59
Q

pancrease

A

glucagon and insulin(amount of sugar in blood)(head body and tail)(diabetes)

60
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

anti-inflammatory in all tissues, and control metabolism in muscle, fat, liver and bone. affect vascular tone, and in the brain influence mood, behaviour and sleep‒wakefulness cycles.

61
Q

Mineralocorticoids

A

regulate salt and water balances.promote sodium and potassium transport, usually followed by changes in water balance.

62
Q

parathorme

A

regulate calcium

63
Q

thyroid

A

regulate metabolism

64
Q

spleen

A 
A blood filtering organ that removes
microbes and destroys old and damaged red
blood cells. Also makes disease-fighting
components fo the immune system
(including antibodies and lymphocytes).
65
Q

thymus

A

Filters and moniters your blood content &
produces the white blood cells called T-
lymphocytes.

66
Q

Tonsils & Adenoids

A

trap pathogen that enter your mouth or nose.

67
Q

Appendix

A

maturation of B lymphocytes
and in production of the production of the
class of antibodies known as
immunoglobulin A antibodies.

68
Q

Innate Immunity

A

People are born with some level of immunity that will attack invaders for day one.

69
Q

.

Adaptive (Acquired) Immunity

A

A person’s protection from pathogens develops as they go through life

70
Q

Passive Immunity

A

A temporary type of immunity that derives from another person

71
Q

phagocytes

A

white blood cells that digest and destroy micorganism

72
Q

specific and non specific immunity

A

Nonspecific protective mechanisms repel all microorganisms equally, while the specific immune responses are tailored to particular types of invaders.

CNA (1 decks)

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