Body Systems Flashcards
(53 cards)
What is the function of the Digestive System?
The digestive system changes food into simpler molecules that can be absorbed into the blood stream and used by the body.
What is digestion
The process of breaking down food into small molecules so that they can be absorbed and used by the body.
What is mechanical digestion
Physically breaking down food substances into smaller particles, happens in the mouth and stomach.
What is chemical digestion
Uses acids and enzymes to break down the food into simpler nutrients that can be absorbed and used by the body cells, happens in the mouth, stomach and small intestine.
What is peristalsis
The involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine (or other canals) create wave-like movements that push the canal’s contents forward.
How are lysosomes like the digestive system
Functions as the digestive system of the cell, serving both to degrade material taken up from outside the cell and to digest obsolete components of the cell itself.
How are food vacuoles like the digestive system
Food vacuoles are membrane-bound sac like organelles that digest food particles ingested by the cell.
Mouth:
Start of mechanical digestion through chewing and chemical digestion by amylase (enzyme)
Esophagus:
A muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach. Moves food down by squeezing (peristalsis)
Stomach:
The muscular bag where chemical and mechanical digestion continue: food stays here for about 4 hours and then turned chime (a thick semifluid mass of partially digested food and digestive secretions)
Small intestine:
The tube where digestive juices from the liver and pancreas are added. This is where all digestion ends. The small intestine absorbs nutrients and transfers all nutrients to the circulatory system through the villi.
Villi:
Small projections that have a large surface area and are filled with capillaries to allow for the entry of nutrients into the circulatory system.
Large intestine:
Absorbs water from undigested food, where unabsorbed materials become more solid.
Rectum:
Where solid wastes (feces) are stored.
Liver:
Filters all of the blood in the body and breaks down poisonous substances. The liver also produces bile, a fluid that helps digest fats and carry away waste.
Bile:
A greenish-yellow fluid that is produced by the liver cells to carry away wastes and break down fats during digestion.
Gallbladder:
Stores and concentrates bile from the liver. The bile is then released into the small intestine from the gallbladder.
Pancreas:
An organ located in the abdomen. It creates pancreatic enzymes to break down foods. The hormone the pancreas produces is called insulin which regulates blood sugar.
Lipase:
The enzyme that works with bile
Amylase:
Helps break down starches into sugars which your body can use for energy. If you don’t have enough amylase, you might get diarrhea from undigested carbohydrates.
Protease:
Helps break down proteins, as well as helps protect you from germs that may live in your intestine. Undigested proteins may cause allergic reactions.
Insulin:
A hormone made in cells of the pancreas. It helps your body use sugar for energy. Without enough insulin, the glucose in your body cannot enter your cells causing your blood sugar to rise and you develop diabetes.
Diabetes:
A chronic disease where you have high blood sugar levels. diabetes can be caused by too little insulin, resistance to insulin or both.
What is the process of respiration:
The process of taking oxygen in and removing carbon dioxide from the body.
