Body Systems

Question 1

What is the Gross/macroscopic anatomy?

Answer 1

the study of large body structures visible to the naked eye

Question 2

What is the Regional anatomy?

Answer 2

all structures in one area studied together - studying of muscles, bones , blood vessels and nerves of a leg

Question 3

What is Systemic anatomy?

Answer 3

the study of the gross anatomy of bodily systems - studying together the heart and blood vessels of the cardiovascular system

Question 4

What is the Surface anatomy?

Answer 4

the study of internal body structures in relation to the overlying skin surface - locating blood vessels, bones, muscles etc

Question 5

What is Microscopic anaomy?

Answer 5

the study of structures too small to be seen with the naked eye

Question 6

What is Cytology?

Answer 6

the study of cellular anatomy - cervical cytology

Question 7

What is Histology?

Answer 7

the study of the structure of tissues - tumour biopsy

Question 8

What is Development anatomy?

Answer 8

follows structural changes in individuals from conception through to old age

Question 9

What is Embryology?

Answer 9

the study of the developmental changes that occur before birth

Question 10

What are the levels of organisation in the human body?

Answer 10

1 - Chemical (Oxygen atom, Hydrogen)
2 - Molecular (water, proteins, nucleic acid, lipids)
3 - Cellular (neurons, cardiomyocytes)
4 - Tissue (adipose tissues, cardiac tissue)
5 - Organs (Heart, lungs)
6 - Systems (circulatory system, renal system)
7 - Organism

Question 11

What is Clinical application?

Answer 11

non-invasive techniques used to assess certain aspects of body structures and function

Question 12

What is Palpation?

Answer 12

the examiner feels body surfaces with the hand (-pules and heart rate determination)

Question 13

What is Auscultation?

Answer 13

the examiner listens to body sounds to evaluate the functioning of certain organs (listening to lungs or heart0

Question 14

What is Percussion?

Answer 14

the examiner taps on the body surface with the fingertips and listens to the resulting echo

Question 15

What is Anatomical position?

Answer 15

standard reference point
* the body is erect with feet together
* the palms face forward, with the thumbs pointing away from the body
* the terms left and right refer to the sides of the subject being viewed

Question 16

What are the position of the body?

Answer 16

• lying down
  *lying face up

Question 17

What is known as when the body is lying face down?

Answer 17

the prone position

Question 18

What is known as when the body is lying face up?

Answer 18

the supine position

Question 19

What is the location of the Superior (cranial, cephalic)?

Answer 19

direction towards the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above

Question 20

What is the location of the Inferior(caudal)?

Answer 20

direction away from the head end or towards the lower part of a structure or the body; below

Question 21

What is the location of the Anterior(ventral)?

Answer 21

direction towards or at the front of the body; in front of

Question 22

What is the location of Posterior(dorsal)?

Answer 22

direction towards or at the back of the body; behind

Question 23

What is the location of the Medial(mesial)?

Answer 23

direction towards or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of

Question 24

What is the location of the Lateral?

Answer 24

direction away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of

Question 25

What is the location of Intermediate?

Answer 25

between a more medial and more lateral structures; between two structures

Question 26

What is the location of Proximal?

Answer 26

closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Question 27

What is the location of Distal?

Answer 27

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Question 28

What is the location of Superfical?

Answer 28

direction towards or at the body surface

Question 29

What is the location of the Deep?

Answer 29

direction away from the body surface; more internal

Question 30

What is the location of Ipsilateral?

Answer 30

on the same side of the body

Question 31

What is the location of the Contralateral?

Answer 31

on opposite sides of the body

Question 32

What is Parietal?

Answer 32

the outer wall of a body cavity

Question 33

What is the Visceral?

Answer 33

the covering of an organ within the ventral body cavity

Question 34

What are planes?

Answer 34

they are imaginary flat surfaces that are used to divide the body and organs into definite areas

Question 35

What are the most common anatomical planes?

Answer 35

* sagital * frontal * transverse

Question 36

What is the sagital anatomical plane?

Answer 36

vertical plane that divides bodies into left and right parts Median” or “Midsagital” plane lies exactly in the midline of the body. “Parasagital” planes are offset from the midline

Question 37

What is the frontal anatomical plane?

Answer 37

vertical plane that divides bodies into front (anterior) and back (posterior) parts This plane is sometimes called “coronal” plane

Question 38

What is the transverse anatomical plane?

Answer 38

Horizontal plane that divides bodies into top (superior) and bottom (inferior) parts. This plane is sometimes called a “horizontal” plane or a “cross section”

Question 39

What is the axial?

Answer 39

makes up the main axis of the body 9head, neck, trunk)

Question 40

What is the appendicular?

Answer 40

consists of the appendages (limbs) that are attached to the body

Question 41

Where is the right hypochondriac located?

Answer 41

right liver lobe

Question 42

Where is the right lumbar located?

Answer 42

gallbladder and ascending colon

Question 43

Where is the right iliac located?

Answer 43

caecum and appendix

Question 44

Where is the epigastric located?

Answer 44

left liver lobe and stomach

Question 45

Where is the umbilical located?

Answer 45

small intestines and transverse colon

Question 46

Where is the hypogastric located?

Answer 46

urinary bladder

Question 47

Where is the left hypochondriac located?

Answer 47

stomach

Question 48

Where is the left lumbar located?

Answer 48

descending colon

Question 49

Where is the left iliac located?

Answer 49

initial portion of the sigmoid colon

Question 50

What does the quadrant scheme include?

Answer 50

one transverse and one median sagittal plane which intersects through the umbilicus * Right upper quadrant (RUQ) * Right lower quadrant (RLQ). * Left upper quadrant (LUQ). * Left lower quadrant (LLQ).