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Body systems Flashcards

(96 cards)

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1
Q

function of mouth

A

moistens food to swallow easier. Contains amalyse to break down starch into simple sugars

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2
Q

Function of oesophagus

A

Long tube directing food to stomach. Muscular contractions to squeeze food down.

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3
Q

Function of stomach

A

Churns, mixes and stores food, Can store food about 4 hours. Contains acid to kill bacteria

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4
Q

Function of Pancreas

A

Produces insulin to control blood glucose. Reduces effect of stomach acid on small intestine.

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5
Q

Function of Liver

A

Break down toxins in blood. Releases glucose as needed. Breakfs fat into small intestine

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6
Q

Function of Small Intestine

A

6m and hollow, it passes liquid from pancreas and bile

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7
Q

Function of Large intestine

A

Water, minerals and vitamens are absorbed into bloodstream. Undigested water and food pass into large intestine

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8
Q

Describe cellular respiration

A

The process that allows the bod to obtain energy from food

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9
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

When food is physically broken down. Like chewing with teeth

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10
Q

Chemical digestion

A

when food is broken down in chemical reactions

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11
Q

Role of enzymes

A

Enzyme attaches to food particles, speeds up chemical reaction to break down particle

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

Role of villi

A

To increase surface area of small intestine wall to help absorption of digested food

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13
Q

Why is the small intestine b so long

A

Max amount of surface area to increase digestion and nutrient absorption.

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14
Q

Function of Epiglottis

A

Allows air to pass into larynx and lungs

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15
Q

Function of Trachea

A

Transports air to and from lungs

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16
Q

Function of lungs

A

To move fresh air around bod while removing waste gases

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17
Q

Function of Bronchus

A

Carries air to and from lungs

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18
Q

Function of Bronchioles

A

Transports air deep into lungs

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19
Q

Function of alveoli

A

Transports oxygen into bloodstream, takes carbon dioxide out

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20
Q

Function of Diaphragm

A

Helps to inhale and exhale

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21
Q

Function of Rib cage

A

Helps protect organs in chest

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22
Q

Function of Nose

A

To humidify, filter and warm air

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23
Q

What air do you breathe in

A

78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% other

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24
what air do you breathe out
78% nitrogen, 16% oxygen, 4.4% carbon dioxide
25
Two functions of respiratory system
to bring oxygen in and send carbon dioxide out
26
muscle movements when breathing in
ribs move up and out, diaphragm flattens, chest volume increases, lungs expand
27
Muscle movements when breathing out
ribs move in and down, diaphragm forms dome shape, chest cavity volume decreases
28
Why do you eventually have to breathe out
The amount of CO2 increases and it has nowhere to go which makes your reflexes breathe out
29
How is oxygen absorbed into blood
The oxygen in inhaled air passes across the thin lining of air sacs into blood vessels.
30
How is CO2 removed from blood
CO2 gets exchanged for oxygen and then the bloodstream carries the CO2 to lungs where its removed from the bloodstream and exhaled
31
Role of excretory system
To remove waste substances and excess substances from body
32
Main organs in excretory system
Lungs Skin Liver kidneys urinary system
33
how do lungs remove waste
Carbon dioxide waste produces by respiration from cells in body
34
how do skin remove waste
sweat is excretion of water and salt
35
how do liver remove waste
Converts excess amino acid to urea
36
how do Kidney remove waste
water, salt and urea
37
define excretion
The process of waste exiting the body via multiple body parts
38
Define elimination
The process of removing toxic waste from the blood, E.g. CO2
39
Kidney
filters blood and removes excess water, salt and urea
40
Nephron
In kidney and its responsible for regulating concentration of water
41
Ureter
Tube that joins kidney to bladder, transports urine from kidney to bladder
42
Bladder
Sac that collects and stores urine. Can store up to 500ml
43
Ureathra
Tube that connects urinary bladder to outside of body, transports urine from bladder to outside body
44
Role of blood
To carry nutrients and water around body
45
Role of heart
To pump blood around body
46
Role of blood vessels
to carry blood
47
Role of arteries
carries blood away from heart (oxygenated)
48
Role of capillaries
Very small and deliver nutrients
49
Function of mouth in respiratory system
Brings air into lungs
50
Function of eppiglottis
Allows air to pass into larynx and lungs
51
Function of trachea
Transports air to and from lungs
52
Function of bronchus
Carry air to and from lungs
53
Function of bronchiole
Transport air deep into lungs
54
Lungs
To move fresh air around body while removing waste gases
55
Function of alveoli
Transport oxygen into bloodstream and take carbon dioxide out
56
Diaphragm function
Help to inhale and exhale
57
Function of rib cage
Helps protects organs in chest
58
What makes up the muscular skeletal system
Muscles, bones in skeleton, joints, tendons
59
Three functions of skeletal system
To provide support, Provide protection and allow movement
60
How many bones are in the adult human body
206
61
What are muscles made of
Tough and elastic fibres
62
areas in the body where muscles work
digestive tract, heart, all over body
63
How do muscles produce movement
They contract or shorten. Joined to bones and use as leverage points
64
What controls muscle movement
The brain send signals to muscles through nerves
65
Voluntary muscles
Involve active thought and usually connected to bones
66
Involuntry muscles
Work automatically without active thought but has signals from brain
67
What part of bone provides structural support
Compact hard bone
68
Function of bone marrow
To make red and white blood cells and platelets
69
Important minerals needed for bones
Calcium and magnesium
70
Describe cartliage
Soft rubbery material to cover the end of a bone and absorbs shock between bones
71
Why do bones weaken as age
Compact hard bone wears down and periosteum wears down
72
What is oesteoporosis
A bone disease when bones become weak and brittle
73
What causes oesteoporosis
Females are more likely to get it
74
How to protect yourself from osteoporosis
Eat calcium, avoid smoking, absorb vitamin D
75
Ligament
Ligaments are strong connective fibres joining bone to bone
76
Tendon
Tendons are a connective tissue joining muscle to bone
77
Function of synovial fluid surrounding the joint
Synovial fluid absorbs shock and impact between bones.
78
Ball and socket
Allows movement and most and many directions
79
Hinge
allows movement in one direction
80
Pivot joint
Allows twisting type movement
81
Role of excretory system
To remove waste substances, toxic substances and excess body substances
82
Main organs in excretory system
Lungs, skin, liver, kidneys and urinary system
83
Lungs mainly excrete
Carbon dioxide waste
84
Skin mainly excrete
Sweat is excretion of salt and water
85
Liver mainly excrete
Converts excess amino acids to urea
86
Kidneys mainly excrete
Water, salt and urea
87
Define excretion
the process of waste exiting the body via multiple body parts
88
Define elimination
The process of removing toxic waste from blood e.g. CO2
89
The system that supports and protects the body
Skeletal
90
The main arterty that exits the heart
Aorta
91
Skin, ears and kidneys examples of
Organs
92
What does the large intestine do?
Absorb water from fully-digested matter
93
What does the stomach do
Secretes hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria in food
94
What does the small intestine do
Absorbs fully digested food into bloodstream
95
How is the lower arm raised
The biceps contract and triceps relax

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