Body Systems

Question 1

Explain the function and purpose of the digestive system

Answer 1

The role of the digestive system is to break down the food that we eat into particles that are small enough to pass through the walls of the intestine’s and into our blood. In this way, The nutrients in food can reach our bodies cells.

Question 2

What is an organ?

Answer 2

A part of an organism which is typically self-contained and has a specific vital function.

Question 3

List 10 organs found in your body

Answer 3

- Oesophagus
– Liver
– Stomach
– Appendix
– Rectum
– Large intestine
– Small intestine
– Pancreas
– Gallbladder
– Long
– Diaphragm
– trachea
– Heart
– Artery
- Vein

Question 4

Describe how you could measure a persons lung capacity

Answer 4

Take a deep breath then blow all the earlier you can into a balloon tied the end of the balloon to hold the air. Use a ruler to measure the diameter of the balloon. Use a conversion chart to determine your approximate vital capacity in litres.

Question 5

Distinguish between the three types of blood vessels

Answer 5

Arteries
– Carries blood away from the heart

Capillaries
– Enables exchange of water and chemicals between blood and tissue

Veins
– Carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart

Question 6

Identify the components of blood

Answer 6

Plasma
– Liquid that carries majority of the substances in the blood

Red blood cells
– Carries oxygen throughout the body

White blood cells
– Fight disease

Platelets
– Clots blood

Question 7

List the equipment needed to safely conduct a heart dissection

Answer 7

– Dissecting pan
– Safety glasses
– Life apron
– Heart
– Gloves
– Scalpel
– Scissors
– Tweezers

Question 8

Describe the function of kidneys

Answer 8

Kidneys filter your blood. Kidneys filter 50 L of blood every hour, Removing harmful substances and substances in excess.

Question 9

State the purpose of the skeletal system

Answer 9

The skeletal system provides a rigid structure for muscles to attach to, provide support and protect vital organs.

Question 10

Given example of disease that affects each body system

Answer 10

Digestive system
– Coeliac disease

Skeletal system

• arthritis
• osteoporosis

Reproductive system

• endometrial cancer
• prostate cancer

Respiratory system
- asthma

Cardinal system
- coronary heart disease

Question 11

Define reproduction

Answer 11

The production of offspring by sexual or asexual process

Question 12

Name four parts of the male reproductive system

Answer 12

• prostate gland
• urethra
• scrotum
• testes
• vas deferens
• seminal vesicle
• penis

Question 13

Name four parts of the female reproductive system

Answer 13

• ovaries
• uterus
• Fallopian tubes
• cervix
• uterus
• vagina

Question 14

Identify the male sex cell and the female sex cells and where they are produced/stored

Answer 14

Female:

• ova
• ovaries

Male:

• sperm
• testes

Question 15

Define:

• fertilisation
• ovulation
• menstruation

Answer 15

Fertilisation
– The action or process of fertilising an egg, involving the fusion of male and female gamete to form a zygote

Ovulation
– A portion of the female menstrual cycle where by a mature ovary follicle discharges an ova

Menstruation
– The process in a woman discharging blood and other material from the lining of the uterus at intervals about one of lunar month from puberty until menopause except during pregnancy

Question 16

What is a nutrient? Name the different types of nutrients

Answer 16

A substance that provides nourishment essential for the maintenance of life and for growth

Types of nutrients:
– Carbohydrates
– Protein
– Fat
– Vitamins
– Minerals
– Water