Body Systems and Problems Flashcards by Melody Holden

Purpose of the skeletal system?

Provide Structure and function to the body

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What is the skeletal system made up of?

Bone, Cartilage and connective tissue (tendons and ligaments)

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What is the Axial Skeleton consist of?

Head, spinal column, rib.

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What is the Appendicular Skeleton consist of?

Limbs

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What type of bone is cube shaped, found by joints and gives flexibility?

Short bone

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What type of bone protects vital organs, plate of bone?

Flat bone

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What type of bone is complex shaped?

Irregular bone

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What type of bone is small and seed-shaped?

Sesamoid bone

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What type of bone is longer that it is wide?

Long bone

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Cause: injury
Symptoms: lameness, malformation of limb
Cure: High cost surgery, Low cost splint and cast

Fracture

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Cause: Genetic, large breeds at risk
Symptom: lameness, young as 6-12 months old, reluctant to rise/jump
Cure: High cost surgery, low cost med to help w/ pain

Hip dysplaisa

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Cause: unknown, giant breeds prone
Symptoms: lameness, abnormal shape to affected area (bone tumor)
Cure: Amputation, chemo

Osteosarcoma

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Cause: injury
Symptom: lameness
Cure: Surgery

Cruciate ligament tear

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six sections of the skeleton

Skull, Cervival vertebrae, Thoracic vertebrae, Lumbar Vertebrae, Sacrum, Caudal Vertebrae

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Cause: age (previous injury can increase chance)
symptom: Lameness,difficulty getting up and down.
Cure: anti-inflammatory med

Arthritis

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What is the Purpose of the muscular system?

Move the skeleton, proper organ function, and meat.

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What is the muscular system made up of?

Skeletal muscle, Cardiac muscle, Smooth muscle.

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Skeletal muscle

Movement

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Cardiac Muscle

Heart

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Smooth Muscle

Organs

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Movement made by choice?

Voluntary

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Movement happens automatically?

Involuntary

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Cause: Injury
Symptoms: lameness
Cure: rest, anti inflammatory med

Sprains

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What is the purpose of the respiratory system?

provide oxygen to the blood, expel carbon dioxide, regulates temperature (dogs and cats pant to cool down)

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What is the respiratory made up of?

Nasal cavity, Trachea, lungs,Bronchi, bronchioles, Aiveoli

Cause: bacteria or virus Symptom: runny nose, sneezing Cure: antibiotics (common in kittens)

Upper Respiratory Infection

Cause: Virus Symptoms: coughing Prevention: Vaccine Cure: antibiotics help but it has to run it´s course.

Bordetella

Cause: Nasal, pharyngeal, sinus irritated, brcchycephalic skull Symptom: rapid forced inhalation though the nose, snorting or gagging Cure: cover nose to force breathing though mouth

Reverse Sneeze

What is the purpose of the digestive system?

Convert food into energy to live and grow

What is the digestive system made up of?

Mouth, teeth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, Glands producing digestive enzymes

Simple stomach, one compartment, i.e.: Pigs, Dogs, Cats

Monogastric

simple stomach, one compartment, cecum, i.e.: Horse, rabbits

Modified mono gastric

One stomach, four compartments, i.e.: cattle, sheep, goat

Ruminants

Cause: ingesting foreign material Symptoms: Vomiting, abdominal pain, lethargy Cure: surgery to remove the foreign material

Foreign body

Cause: over-eating, no exercise, table scraps Symptoms: Overweight Cure: strict diet and exercise

Obesity

Cause: obstruction or twist in digestive system Symptom: rolling, kicking at belly, getting up and down repeatedly Cure: walking, laxative, surgery

Colic

Cause: when cattle can´t get rid of gas in rumen Symptoms: Distend left abdomen, pain, bellowing Cure: Esophageal tube or stab

Bloat

Cause: virus, bacteria, change of food, foreign body in the digestive symptom Symptoms: loose stool Cure: antibiotics

Diarrhea

What is the purpose of the Circulatory system?

Circulate oxygen, nutrients, waste, and water throughout the body.

What is the Circulatory system made up of?

Heart, veins, Arteries, capillaries

Center of the system, Pumps continually

Heart

Pumps blood to the heart

Veins

Pumps blood from the heart

Arteries

Red and white Blood cells

Blood

Cause: Abnormal/ leaky heart valve, back flow of blood while the heart pumps Symptom: Abnormal heart sound, usually no other symptoms Cure: None/surgery

Heart murmur

Cause: weakened heart muscle, usually from age Symptom: tiring easily, coughing Cure: none, med available to help symptoms

Congestive Heart Failure

Cause: parasite that is spread from dog to dog by mosquito Symptom: none until it´s too late prevention: Monthly heart worm med Cure: if caught early enough it can be killed.

Heart worms

Cause: dog eating chocolate Symptom: vomiting, increased heart rate, muscle tremors, seizures Cure: if lethal dose is eaten, vet care

Chocolate Toxicity

What is purpose of the Endocrine System?

to produce and distribute Hormones throughout the body

What is the Endocrine System made up of?

Organs and Glands

liver, pancreas, kidneys

Organs

Hypothalamus, pituitary, Thyroid

Glands

What do hormones control?

Growth, Reproduction/milk production, Digestion, level of excitement/ depression

Cause: overproduction of the thyroid hormone T3 and T4 Symptom: Weight loss, increased appetite, hyperactivity, Cure: permanent medication

Hyperthyroid

Cause: low production of the thyroid gland Symptom: hair loss, weight gain, lethargy Cure: diagnose w/ blood test, treat w/ med

Hypothyroid

Cause: obesity, congenital, or unknown cause Symptom: weight gain, polyuria, increase drinking, lethargy Cure: daily insulin

Diabetes

What is the purpose of Excretory system?

dispose waste from the body, i.e: excess water, toxins, other solutes

What is the Excretory system made up of?

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, Urethra

Cause: bacteria/infection Symptom: excessive and frequent urination Cure: antibiotics

UTI

Cause: heredity, poisoning (antifreeze), inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen) Symptom: Increased thirst/urination weight loss, lethargy, anemia Cure: IV fluid, special food

Kidney Failure

Cause: excessive crystal formation in urethra preventing flow of urine Symptom: unable to urinate, frequent visits to the litter box (common in male cats) Cure: urinary catheter, IV fluids to flush crystals, special foods to prevent re-occurrence

Urinary Blockage

Cause: Excessive crystal formation Symptom: Frequent urination, blood in urine Cure: surgery to remove the stones, special food to prevent re-occurrence

Bladder stone

What is the purpose of the Integumentary system?

Create a barrier between the body and outside world

what is the Integumentary system made up of?

skin, hair, nails, glands (sweat)

Cause: can be genetic, other causes unknown Symptom: itchy skin, dermatitis, itchy/dirty ears Cure: allergy med/ shots

Allergies

Cause: bacterial infection (common in do with allergies or swims a lot) Symptoms: defined area of skin that is inflamed, red or hairless and oozing Cure: oral and topical antibiotics

Hot Spots

What is the purpose of the Nervous system?

Send and receive messages for motor control and overall function of organs

what is the Nervous System made up of?

Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves, Neurons

Cause: usually unknown, ¨idiopathic¨ symptom: muscle twitching, foaming at the mouth Cure: no cure, Med helps

Seizures

What is the purpose of the Immune system?

Identifies and kills pathogens-viruses and bacteria

What is the Immune system made up of?

lymph nodes, lymph system, spleen

First line of defense, No memory, non specific, tries to stop everything from coming in, i.e. skin, hair, stomach acid (immune system)

Innate

Has a memory, remember how to defeat specific pathogens and heals faster/ prevents next exposure, Attacks specific threats

Adaptive immunity

Cause: unknown, very common in Boxers Symptom: middle age dogs with lump, usually acts healthy Cure: chemo, but only extends life for a short time

Lymphoma

what is the purpose of the Reproductive system?

Produce more animals

What is the reproductive system made up of? (male)

Testies, scrotum, penis

What is the reproductive system made up of? (female)

ovaries, uterus, cervix, vagina, mammary glands

Cause: Hormones and abnormal cell growth Symptom: lumps on belly Cure: surgery to remove, spay recommended

Mammary tumor

Cause: bacterial infection in un-spayed, usually old female dogs Symptom: vomiting, lethargy, abdominal pain, vaginal discharge Cure: spay

Pyometra

Cause: unknown, lack of castration at young age Symptom: abnormal shape and size of testicle Cure: neuter

Testicular Cancer

Cause: unknown Symptom: one or both testicles not palpable in the scrotum Cure: Neuter

Cryptochidism