Body Systems (CMBC)

Question 1

cells

Answer 1

building blocks of the body

Question 2

integumentary system

Answer 2

includes skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and nerve receptors

Question 3

study of the skin

Answer 3

dermatology

Question 4

dermatologists

Answer 4

doctors who study conditions of the skin

Question 5

3 layers of the skin

Answer 5

epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue

Question 6

functions of the skin

Answer 6

waterproofing, protecting, sensing, sythesizing vitamin D, secreting oil, regulating body temperature

Question 7

pigments that contribute to skin color

Answer 7

melanin and carotene

Question 8

acne vulgaris

Answer 8

chronic inflammatory disease caused by overproduction of sebum around the root of hair in the follicle
characterized by pustule eruptions

Question 8

stages of hair growth

Answer 8

early anagen, anagen, catagen, and telogen

Question 9

seborrhea

Answer 9

overactivity of the sebacous glands, when infected it is termed seborrheic dermatitis

Question 10

seborrheic keratosis

Answer 10

benign skin growth, waxy in appearance, vary in color from light tan to black

Question 11

myofibril

Answer 11

muscle fibers form by long, slender cells, grouped together by tough connective tissue

Question 12

fascia

Answer 12

tough connective tissue that groups muscle cells together

Question 13

endomysium

Answer 13

connective tissue, which surrounds individual muscle fibers and contains the vessels and nerves that supply the muscle fibers

Question 14

perimysium

Answer 14

the sheath of connective tissue surrounding a bundle of muscle fibers

Question 15

epimysium

Answer 15

a sheath of fibrous elastic tissue surrounding a muscle, forms the tendon

Question 16

sarcolemma

Answer 16

also called the myolemma, is the cell membrane surrounding a skeletal muscle fiber

Question 17

fascicle

Answer 17

a bundle of structures, such as nerve or muscle fibers

Question 18

3 kinds of muscle fibers

Answer 18

skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

Question 19

skeletal muscle fibers

Answer 19

form the skeletal muscles

Question 20

cardiac muscle fibers

Answer 20

form the heart muscle, aka: myocardial muscle

Question 21

smooth muscle fibers

Answer 21

form the smooth muscles of the body, typically seen in organs and blood vessels

Question 22

tendons

Answer 22

attach muscles to bones

Question 23

origin

Answer 23

the bone attachment point closest to the body at the immovable end

Question 24

insertion

Answer 24

the bone attachment point at the movable end

Question 25

fasciitis

Answer 25

inflammation of the fascia

Question 26

fibromyalgia

Answer 26

chronic condition, fatigue, extreme weakness, pain of muscle, joints, and bone

Question 27

tendonitis

Answer 27

inflammation of the tendon, caused by excessive or unusual use

Question 28

chronic fatigue syndrome

Answer 28

disorder affecting many body systems, characterized by fatigue, extreme weakness, and pain in muscle, joints, and bone

Question 29

muscle tone

Answer 29

state of balance of muscle tension through contraction and relaxation, impacts balance, posture, and movement

Question 30

atonic

Answer 30

lack of normal muslce tone and strength

Question 31

dystonia

Answer 31

abnormal muscle tone that interferes with normal muscle functions

Question 32

hypotonia

Answer 32

diminishing of skeletal muscles, limiting passive movement

Question 33

myasthenia gravis

Answer 33

chronic autoimmune disease affecting neuromuscular junction, the place where the neuron activates the muscle to contract

Question 34

carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 34

over use of the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel, becoming inflamed and swollen

Question 35

carpal tunnel

Answer 35

narrow passage through the bone in the inner side of the wrist area under the carpal ligament

Question 36

sprain

Answer 36

injury to a joint caused by a wrenching or tearing fo the ligament in the joint

Question 37

strain

Answer 37

injury to a muscle or the attached tendons usually associated with overuse, stretching, or tearing of the muscle or tendon

Question 38

tendonitis

Answer 38

inflammation of a specific tendon caused by overuse or severe stretching

Question 39

it band syndrome (ITBS)

Answer 39

casued by overuse whe the IT band (iliotibial band) rubs across the bone, often occurs near the knee

Question 40

shin splints

Answer 40

condition where the muscle tears away from the tibia or shin bone, typically due to repeated stress on hard surfaces such as running or jumping

Question 41

atrophy

Answer 41

wearing away of the muscle fibers due to disuse causing fatigue and weakness

Question 42

myalgia

Answer 42

muscle pain and tenderness

Question 43

myolysis

Answer 43

degeneration or breakdown of the muscle tissue

Question 44

polymyositis

Answer 44

muscle disease causing inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in parts of the body, typically those closest to the trunk

Question 45

sarcopenia

Answer 45

loss of muscle mass, strength, and funtion that come with aging

Question 46

muscular dystrophy

Answer 46

group of over 30 genetic diseases causing progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles

Question 47

paralysis

Answer 47

loss of both sensation and voluntary muscle movement due to damage of the nerves controlling the muscles

Question 48

myoparesis

Answer 48

slight muscle paralysis or muscle weakness

Question 49

hemiparesis

Answer 49

slight muscle paralysis or muscle weaness occurring on only one side of the body

Question 50

hemiplegia

Answer 50

total paralysis on one side of the body

Question 51

paraplegia

Answer 51

complete paralysis of the lower part of the body and legs

Question 52

quadriplegia

Answer 52

complete paralysis of the upper and lower extremities and body

Question 53

compartment syndrome

Answer 53

compression of nerves and blood vessels caused by swelling within the enclosed space created by the fascia separating groups of muscles

Question 54

overuse injuries

Answer 54

tissue injuries that do not have time to rest and heal

Question 55

skeletal system

Answer 55

made up of 206 bones joined together with ligaments work with muscles for movement

Question 56

axial skeletal system

Answer 56

composed of the bones of the skull, spinal column, hyoid bone, middle ear (ossicles), and bones of the rib cage

Question 57

appendicular skeletal system

Answer 57

the 126 bones of the upper and lower appendages

Question 58

spinal column

Answer 58

made up of vertebrae, protects the spinal nerves of the nervous system

Question 59

cervical vertebrae

Answer 59

C1-C7: first 7 vertebrae protecting the cervical spinal nerves of the neck

Question 60

thoracic vertebrae

Answer 60

T1-T12: 12 vertebrae protecting the spinal nerves of the thorax

Question 61

lumbar vertebrae

Answer 61

L1-L5: 5 vertebrae protecting the spinal nerves of the lumbar region

Question 62

sacrum

Answer 62

slightly curved triangular bony structure of the lower back, 5 vertebrae fused together

Question 63

coccyx

Answer 63

aka: tail bone, formed by 3 to 5 vertebrae fused together

Question 64

fibrous joints

Answer 64

inflexible layers of dense connective tissue holding the bones eightly together (joints of the skull are called sutures)

Question 65

cartilaginous joints

Answer 65

allow only slight movement and connect bones with cartilages

Question 66

synovial joints

Answer 66

where two bones connect for range of motion, contain a synovial capsule, synovial membrane, and synovial fluid for lubrication

Question 67

ball and socket joints

Answer 67

in the hips and shoulders

Question 68

hinge joints

Answer 68

at the knees and elbows

Question 69

ligaments

Answer 69

connect bone to bone or join cartilage to bone

Question 70

bursa

Answer 70

fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas where there is a lot of friction

Question 71

endocrine system

Answer 71

produces hormones what maintain homeostasis in the body