Body Systems (INERH) Flashcards
(58 cards)
What are pathogens?
organisms that cause disease
What is a infectious disease?
a disease caused by a
foreign microorganism within the body.
What is the fist line of defense against Pathogens?
Skin: dead skin cells flake off removing
pathogens from body; outer epidermis acts as
a barrier too; rapid scabbing prevents
pathogen entry into body.
Breathing Passages: Nose, mouth, throat
contains mucus and cilia trapping and
removing pathogens. Coughing/sneezing also
removes pathogens.
Mouth & Stomach: saliva and stomach acid
can kill pathogens.
What is the second line of defense against pathogens?
White Blood Cells (WBC): are disease fighting cells.
There are many different types of WBC’s, each
having its own particular function. Phagocyte (WBC)
eat pathogens destroying them.
Inflammation: increased blood flow (enlarges blood
vessels) bringing more WBC’s to affected area (red,
swollen, warmer).
Fever: increasing body temperature fights infection;
pathogens do not grow/reproduce well at higher
temperatures.
What is the third line of defense against pathogens?
Antigens: unique surface marker molecules on pathogen.
Antibody: molecular tag that attaches to antigen to recognize
as foreign.
Lymphocytes: WBC’s that can distinguish between different
kinds of pathogens. Two types:
T-cells (Alarm, Attack): specialized cell that recognizes
each kind of pathogen.T-cells multiply, then some attack
pathogen (“killer T-cells”) while others activate B – cells.
B-cells (Antibody “Tag” Factory): specialized cells that
produce specialized antibodies (proteins) that tag the
pathogen for destruction. The antibody binds to the antigen
on the pathogen, marking it for destruction by the
phagocytes.
What is the nervous system?
receives and responds to
information gotten both inside and outside of the
body; also helps to maintain homeostasis.
What is the stimulus?
an environmental signal that an
organism reacts to.
What is the response?
what the body does in reaction to a
stimulus.
What is a neuron?
specialized cell that carries
information; building block of Nervous System.
What is a nerve impulse?
message/information being carried
What does a neuron consist of?
nucleus, axon and
dendrites.
What are dendrites?
carries impulses toward the cell
body.
What is a axon?
carries impulses away from the cell
body.
What are nerve fibers?
axons & dendrites
What is a nerve?
bundle of nerve fibers
What are the three types of neurons?
Sensory Neuron: picks up stimuli and
converts it into an impulse.
Interneuron: carries impulse from one neuron
to another neuron (within brain or spinal cord).
Motor Neuron: brings impulse to muscle or
gland which then reacts in response.
What is a synapse?
is the gap between the axon tip and the
neighboring dendrite. Chemicals (dopamine,
seritonine) carry the impulse across the synaptic
gap.
What is the Endocrine System?
produces hormones
which controls/regulates organ & tissue
activities; regulates growth & development.
What is the Hypothalamus?
(middle brain): linked to
Nervous System; maintains Homeostasis &
control of pituitary gland.
What is the Pituitary Gland?
growth, blood pressure,
water balance regulates; signals thyroid
gland to produce hormones.
What is the Thyroid Gland?
produces hormones;
controls energy inside cell
What is the Parathyroid?
regulates blood calcium.
What is the Thymus?
helps immune system
development
What is the pancreas?
controls blood sugar
