body systems unit vocabulary part 2

Question 1

Pancreas

Answer 1

an oval organ that lies behind the stomach and that make digestive enzymes and hormones that regulate sugar levels

Question 2

Small intestine

Answer 2

located between the stomach and large intestine where most of the breakdown of food happens and most of the nutrients from food are absorbed

Question 3

Liver

Answer 3

the largest organ in the body; it makes bile, stores and filters blood, and stores excess sugars

Question 4

Large intestine

Answer 4

the wider and shorter portion of the intestine that removes water from mostly digested food and that turns the waste into semi solid feces, or stool

Question 5

Central Nervous system

Answer 5

(CNS) the brain and spinal cord

Question 6

Peripheral Nervous system

Answer 6

(PNS) all of the parts of the nervous system except for the brain and spinal cord

Question 7

Neuron

Answer 7

a nerve cell that is specialized to receive and conduct electrical impulses

Question 8

Nerve

Answer 8

a collection of nerve fibers (axons) through which impulses travel between the CNS and other parts of the body

Question 9

brain

Answer 9

the organ that is the main control center of the nervous system

Question 10

cerebrum

Answer 10

the largest part of your brain where thoughts and memories are stored; this portion of the brain also controls voluntary movement

Question 11

cerebellum

Answer 11

The second largest part of the brain; processes sensory information from your body (i.e. skeletal, muscles, and joints)

Question 12

medulla

Answer 12

part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord; controls involuntary processes

Question 13

Somatic nervous system

Answer 13

composed of neurons that control voluntary movements (i.e. walking, talking)

Question 14

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 14

composed of neurons that control body functions that operate automatically (i.e. digestion, heart rate)

Question 15

Lymph

Answer 15

the fluid that is collected by the lymphatic vessels and nodes

Question 16

Lymphocytes

Answer 16

a type of white blood cell that helps your body fight pathogens

Question 17

Thymus

Answer 17

the main gland of the lymphatic system; produces T-cells to aid in fighting infection

Question 18

Spleen

Answer 18

the largest lymphatic organ, place where lymphocytes are stored

Question 19

Tonsils

Answer 19

organs that are small, rounded masses of lymphatic tissue located in the pharynx

Question 20

Tonsillitis

Answer 20

inflammation of the tonsils

Question 21

Endocrine system

Answer 21

controls body functions by using chemicals created in the endocrine glands

Question 22

Gland

Answer 22

a group of cells that make special chemicals for the body

Question 23

Hormone

Answer 23

a substance made in one cell or tissue that causes a change in another cell or tissue in a different part of the body

Question 24

Epinephrine

Answer 24

often called adrenaline; is produced in the adrenal glands, increases heart rate and breathing

Question 25

metabolism

Answer 25

the sum of all chemical processes that take place in your body

Question 26

Insulin

Answer 26

a chemical produced by the pancreas; helps to control the level of glucose in the blood

Question 27

Diabetes

Answer 27

a hormone imbalance in which the body either does not use insulin properly or the pancreas does not make enough insulin

Question 28

Thyroid gland

Answer 28

increases the rate in which you use energy

Question 29

Pituitary gland

Answer 29

located in the brain, secretes hormones that affect other glands and organs

Question 30

Parathyroid glands

Answer 30

regulate calcium levels in the blood

Question 31

Adrenal glands

Answer 31

help the body respond to danger

Question 32

Thymus gland

Answer 32

regulates the immune system, which helps your body fight disease