Body Water and Body Fluid Compartment

Question 1

the main constituent of cells, tissues and organs and is vital for life

Answer 1

Water

Question 2

Functions/Role of Water

Answer 2

1. Water as building material
2. Water as carrier
3. Water and thermoregulation
4. Water as lubricant and shock absorber
5. Water as a solvent, a reaction medium, a reactant and a reaction product

Question 3

What is the Total Body Water (TBW) for males and females

Answer 3

Males - 60%
Females - 50%

Question 4

What are the Body Fluid Compartments?

Answer 4

a. Intracellular Fluid (ICF)
- 40% total BW

b. Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
- 20% total BW

Question 5

What are the divisions of the Extracellular Fluid (ECF)?

Answer 5

1. Plasma
2. Interstitial Fluid
3. Transcellular Fluid

Question 6

What are the fluids found in the following parts of the body?

1. Joint - ___________
2. Pericardial space - ___________
3. Intraocular spaces - ___________
4. Brain ventricles, subarachnoid space of spinal cord - ___________

Answer 6

1. Synovial fluid
2. Pericardial fluid
3. Aqueous humor, Vitreous humor
4. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 7

What are the substances used to measure TBW?

Answer 7

1. Heavy Water
2. Radioactive Water
3. Antipyrine

Question 8

What are the substances used to measure ECF volume?

Answer 8

1. Radioactive substance/ions
2. Inulin
3. Thiosulfate

Question 9

Sources of Water in Animals

Answer 9

1. Drinking Water
2. Water in Ingested Food
3. Metabolic Water or Oxidative Water

Question 10

What are the 2 types of Water Loss in Animals?

Answer 10

1. Sensible Water Loss
   - easily detected and measured.
2. Insensible Water Loss
   - w.l. that are not readily observed.

Question 11

Ions in solution are called “______________”

Answer 11

electrolytes

Question 12

Solutes in the Different Body Fluids

Answer 12

1. Cations
   - Monovalent Cations (carry 1 + charge)
   - Divalent Cations (carry 2 positive + charges)
2. Anions

Question 13

_________________Equilibrium
➢ The concentration of ions on 1 side of the membrane do not equal to those on the other side of the membrane.

Answer 13

Gibbs-Donnan Equilibrium

Question 14

What are the Disturbances of volume and Concentration (osmolality) of Body Fluids?

Answer 14

1. Dehydration (Volume Contraction)
2. Overhydration

Question 15

Types of Dehydration

Answer 15

1. Isoosmotic dehydration
2. Hyperosmotic dehydration
3. Hypotonic dehydration

Question 16

Types of Overhydration

Answer 16

1. Isoosmotic overhydration
2. Hyperosmotic overhydration
3. Hypoosmotic overhydration

Question 17

What are the General Classification of Fluids for volume Replacement Therapy?

Answer 17

• Isotonic Fluid
• Hypertonic Fluid
• Hypotonic Fluid
• Body Fluid

Question 18

Fluid which has the same effective osmolality (tonicity) as body fluids.

Answer 18

Isotonic Fluid

Question 19

Fluid which has less effective osmolality than the body fluids.

Answer 19

Hypotonic Fluid

Question 20

Fluid which has greater effective osmolality than the body fluids

Answer 20

Hypertonic Fluid

Question 21

What are the Significance of the body fluids?

Answer 21

1. In Homeostasis
2. In transport mechanism
3. Metabolic Reactions
4. In texture of tissues
5. In temperature regulation

Question 22

Body cells survive in the fluid medium called _______________or ‘________________’.

Answer 22

internal environment or ‘milieu interieur’

Question 23

What is the most abundant cation and anion in ECF?

Answer 23

Cation - Na+
Anion - Cl-

Question 24

Most abundant cation in ICF?

Answer 24

Potassium K+

Question 25

This separates ICF from surrounding interstitial fluid.

Answer 25

Plasma membrane

Question 26

_____________ separates interstitial fluid from plasma.

Answer 26

Blood vessel wall

Question 27

Give some Organic Substances

Answer 27

➢ Glucose ➢ Amino acids ➢ Fatty acids ➢ Hormones ➢ Enzymes

Question 28

Give some Inorganic substances

Answer 28

➢ Sodium ➢ Potassium ➢ Calcium ➢ Magnesium ➢ Chloride ➢ Phosphate ➢ Sulphate

Question 29

Most abundant ion in ECF

Answer 29

Sodium Na+

Question 30

Most prevalent anion in ECF

Answer 30

Chloride Cl-

Question 31

Most prevalent anion in ECF

Answer 31

Chloride Cl-

Question 32

Second most prevalent extracellular anion

Answer 32

Bicarbonate HCO3-

Question 33

Second most common intracellular cation

Answer 33

Magnesium

Question 34

➢ Clear and colorless fluid ➢ 96% water and 4% solids

Answer 34

Lymph

Question 35

Give some Functions of Lymph

Answer 35

➢ Return protein from tissue spaces into blood ➢ **Redistribution of fluid** ➢ Removal of bacteria, toxins and other foreign bodies from tissues ➢ Maintain structural and functional integrity of tissue ➢ **Route for intestinal fat absorption** ➢** Transport lymphocytes**

Question 36

Clear, colorless liquid formed within the cavities of brain and around spinal cord

Answer 36

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 37

Movement of water across a semi permeable membrane in response to the difference in the electrochemical potential of water..

Answer 37

Osmosis

Question 38

Concentration of solute in terms of particles

Answer 38

Osmoles

Question 39

Pressure generated when water diffuses across the cell membrane.

Answer 39

Osmotic pressure

Question 40

Osmolarity of a solution relative to plasma

Answer 40

Tonicity

Question 41

Three Types of Solutions Based on Tonicity

Answer 41

1. **Isotonic** 2. **Hypertonic** 3. **Hypotonic**

Question 42

Effect of Administration of Different Solutions on the Cells

Answer 42

1. Isotonic solution ➢ **No change in cells** 2. Hypotonic solution ➢ **Swelling of cells** 3. Hypertonic solution ➢ **Shrinking of cells**

Question 43

This equation describes the deviation of pH as a measure of acidity in biological and chemical systems

Answer 43

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

Question 44

What theory is this? An acid (HA) is capable of donating a proton (H+) and a base is capable of accepting a proton. After the aicd (HA) has lost its proton, it is said to exists as the conjugate base (A-).

Answer 44

Bronsted-Lowry Theory of Acids and Bases

Question 45

These are secreted by mammary glands

Answer 45

Milk

Question 46

Clear, colorless liquid formed within the cavities of brain and around spinal cord

Answer 46

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 47

Functions of CSF

Answer 47

➢ Hydrolic shock absorber ➢ Regulation of intracranial pressure ➢ Influences the hunger sensation and eating behaviors

Question 48

Liquid produced by membranes and fetus

Answer 48

Amniotic Fluid

Question 49

Fluid that fills the interior chamber of eye

Answer 49

Aqueous Humor

Question 50

Produced by lachrymal glands

Answer 50

Tears