Boer Reporting

Question 1

how long has it been since Crimea

Answer 1

50 years

Question 2

what are the key points

Answer 2

• growth in influence and power of the press
• jingoistic attitude
• press used to encourage anti-Boer feeling
• exaggeration
• papers critical of war in minority and criticized as traitors
• papers lost interest once Guerrilla warfare started until conc camps exposed

Question 3

1870 Forester Education Act

Answer 3

mass literary

Question 4

churchill

Answer 4

• Daily Chronicle and morning post
• soldier and reported
• joined on them on a scouting mission was captured and then escaped
• war hero built on his own personal profile
• no need to sensor him he was v (+) suck up to superiors - don’t care if mouth piece of propaganda - want money
• part of the elite
• he became a soldier after escaping from Pretoria

Question 5

Lady Sarah Wilson

Answer 5

• Baiden Powell’s leading lady in the siege of mafeking
• imperialist reports
• elite
• pro gov
• give Powell’s perspective

Question 6

Hobson

Answer 6

• anti-imperialist
• Manchester Guardian
• imperialism a result of capitalism
• capitalistic pressure as a result of the gold in Transvaal led to war
• press made war
• critical of conc camps
• report news not sell
• believed mine owners manipulating the British into fighting the Boers so they could maxamise their powers
• he was pro-Boer
• capitalism not necessarily (-) of Government
• he was in an isolated position with his stance - changed to a degree in third phase though when people became more critical

Question 7

what was the daily chronicle forced to do

Answer 7

change to be pro war due to poor sales

Question 8

what was censorship like

Answer 8

• little bit not like blocking out just more influence from officers
• reporters pretty elite and so pro establishment anyway

Question 9

what was roberts like

Answer 9

media friendly
understood it
learnt from Raglans and Russells relationship
- silver tongue

Question 10

baiden powell

Answer 10

love media

massively sensatonalised as war hero and poster boy but he should be given credit for his work in mafeking

Question 11

kitchener

Answer 11

less enamoured by press
he did controversial policiies but felt people should be more supportive and for the war effort
- kitchenner had a hard threat and met it pragmatically but coldly
- more leeway then Buller as everyone gonehome

Question 12

emily hobhouse

Answer 12

reported on conc camps

• credible even tho anti-gov
• kitchener disliked her
• forced gov to take action
• appointed commission led by Fawcett to investigate - she agreed with Hobhouse
• Fawcett highly regarded - campaigned for women’s rights - credibility

Question 13

what did pro-government papers try to claim about the conc camps

Answer 13

• that the high morality rates were the work of the Boers themselves who were constantly sniping at British soldiers in the camps whose duty it was to protect Boer children
• claimed that Boer women were not to be trusted as most of them were spies
• ridiculous line to draw
• ridiculed Hobbhouse as meddlesome spinster and that bloody woman
• but the camps were a huge British failing even though they weren’t intended to have such high death rates

Question 14

discuss cameras

Answer 14

• now hand held and far more prevalent than in any war before
• revolutionary Eastman kodak invented in the 1980s
• the folding pocket camera with its cartridge film was the first to be mass produced
• cheap brownie camera invented in 1900 and 150,000 were sold that year

Question 15

what was the new form of war reporting

Answer 15

• cinema
• short and silent
• bit of music
• mass market - cheap to go

Question 16

enduring consequences of reporting of Boer war

Answer 16

• censorship became more prevalent
• transformed reporting to a jumble of fiction and fact
• Boer war became a stain on the British empire
• truth to sensationalism

Question 17

tommy atkins

Answer 17

name given to the working class solider
not particularly fit despite good training
exposes to elite how malnourished the working class are
bring about social reforms

Question 18

discuss the funding model of the daily mail compared with the times

Answer 18

• the times interest is in news and will charge whatever
• the daily mail sensationalized and made news exciting, something that would sell - truth unimportant and it made its money through adverts- people knew it was a bit sensationalized but people want to read (+) news and feel patriotic

Question 19

why could so many people access the Daily Mail aside from the mass increase in literacy

Answer 19

it cost just half a penny

Question 20

Edgar Wallace

Answer 20

• another Daily mail correspondent
• their leading man
• Churchill is a great example but he isn’t unique

Question 21

what was the daily circulation of the Daily Mail

Answer 21

• one million

- record of any newspaper in the world at the time

Question 22

what did third phase mean

Answer 22

a limit to how pro-war you could be in light of Kitchener’s policies

Question 23

what happened after Black week

Answer 23

war correspondence became more hostile as it became obvious the war would not be over quickly

Question 24

what was the mass hysteria after mafeking

Answer 24

mmafficking
demonstrated impact of press
people had been avidly following

Question 25

what did spion kop reporting awake readers to

Answer 25

the savagery of combat due to heavy British casualties

Question 26

david lloyd George

Answer 26

- made political capital out of pro boer stance - encouraged cadbury to buy daily news and convert it pro boer - phase 3 perfect time

Question 27

C.P Scott

Answer 27

- argued war not in British interests - editor of Manchester Guardian - his anti war stance was unable to capture the public and he lost the Khaki election - said Kitcher broke human regard - argued it should be conducted in a civilised way rather than total war