Boiler water/ feedwater Flashcards
(193 cards)
1
Q
what does the term distillate refer to?
A
eveaporated water that is discharged from the ships distilling plant
2
Q
where is distillate stored?
A
in the reserve feed tanks
3
Q
in shipss equpied with demineralizers, the water entering from any tank is called reserve feedwater, while the water flowing out of the demineralizer to the condensate system is called?
A
makeup feedwater
4
Q
after steam has done its work, it is returned to the liquid state by cooling in a condenser, what is this liquid termed?
A
condensate
5
Q
what are the principle sources of condensate?
A
main and auxiliary condensers
6
Q
a properly deaerating feed tank (DFT) will maintain the dissolved oxygen content at or below what level?
A
15 parts per billion
7
Q
boiler water is defined as?
A
the feedwater as it enters the boiler steam drum
8
Q
if a boiler is producing steam at about 50 percent of its capacity, the dissolved and suspended materials brought into the boiler with the feedwater will concentrate in the boiler at what rate per hour?
A
10 fold per hour
9
Q
what effect will an excess of hydrogen ions have on boiler water?
A
increase in acidity
10
Q
a PH of seven is defined as
A
Neutral
11
Q
what effect will an excessive amount of hydroxyl ions have on boiler water?
A
alkalinity will increase
12
Q
a hydroxyl ion is represented by what?
A
OH-
13
Q
a hydrogen ion is represented by what?
A
H+
14
Q
what is the initial reaction that takes place between pure oxygen-free water and the iron in the boiler water after light off?
A
formation of a magnetite layer
15
Q
what function does the magnetite layer serve?
A
to passivate the tube metal and reduce corrosion to minimum
16
Q
what are the two major hardness consituents and the primary sources of scale in boilers and feed system heat exchange equipment?
A
calcium and magnesium
17
Q
what type of deposits act as insulators and reduce the heat transfer across any surface?
A
scale
18
Q
because of very high furnace temperatures, modern naval boilers can tolerate no more than a few thousandths of an inch of scale on tube surfaces without suffering what?
A
tube ruptures
19
Q
what determines the amount of oxygen that will dissolve in water?
A
surface pressure and temperature
20
Q
when dissolved oxygen enters the boiler water, it causes what type of corrosion?
A
localized (pitting) corrosion
21
Q
as the alkalinity of the boiler water decreases, the severity of dissolved oxygen attack does what?
A
increases
22
Q
boiler watersides which are open to the atmosphere are subject to what type of corrosion?
A
dissolved oxygen
23
Q
chloride is an indication of what type of contamination?
A
seawater
24
Q
chloride is an aggressive ion which which causes dissolution of what protective layer?
A
magnetite
25
the ability of liquid to conduct an electric current is called what?
conductivity
26
conductivity is expressed in?
micromhos per centimeter (umhos/cm)
27
electrolytic corrosion depends upon the presence of what?
anodes and cathodes
28
what will an excessive high conductivity cause?
carryover
29
how are dissolved and suspended solids controlled in a steaming boiler?
by blowdowns
30
which carryover is caused by excessive amounts of of dissolved and suspended solids?
foaming
31
what is the primary source of silica contamination?
poor quality shore source feedwater
32
what is the maximum silica content of shore source feedwater?
.20 parts per million (PPM)
33
Desiccant is mostly comprised of what material?
silica gel or silicate
34
what type of deposits are formed in the boiler, when the boiler water is contaminated with oil?
carbonaceous deposits
35
what effect does seawater have on boiler water?
decreases alkalinity which could lead to an acid corrosion
36
shore water causes alkalinity to?
increase
37
what type of corrosion is caused by shore water contamination
caustic corrosion
38
what will a malfunctioning or improperly operating DFT cause?
dissolved oxygen corrosion
39
why is the hydrazine added to the condensate/ feedwater system?
to reduce corrosion in the pre-boiler system
40
where is hydrazine introduced into the system?
deaerating feed tank
41
what are the three treatment chemicals used to batch treat the boilers under?
trisodium phosphate (TSP), disodium phosphate (DSP), and Caustic soda
42
what effect does trisodium phosphate (TSP) have on boiler water?
increases alkalinity, phosphate and conductivity
43
what effect does disodium phosphate (DSP) have on boiler water?
increases phosphate and conductivitu
44
what effect does caustic soda have on boiler water?
increases alkalinity and conductivity
45
sludge in boiler water is an agglomeration of what?
reaction products of boiler water treatment chemicals with calcium and magnesium contaminants
46
how is sludge removed from the boiler?
by bottom blowdown
47
what type of blowdown serves the purpose of reducing the amounts of materials dissolved in the boiler water?
surface blowdown
48
virtually all chemical hideout in naval boilers occurs following what four events?
acid cleaning, EDTA cleaning, a contamination incident
49
hard deposits can only be removed by what type of cleaning?
acid cleaning
50
who is the only authority that can authorize acid cleaning?
NAVSEA
51
what is the purpose of conducting daily salinity indicator comparison?
to ensure that the salinity indicator is properly functioning
52
what does the acronym SI mean?
Salinity indicator
53
what is the maximum allowable tolerance for the daily salinity indicator comparison test?
plus or minus .02 equivalent per million (EPM)
54
the maximum final distillate salinity indicator reading is?
.065 equivalent per million (EPM)
55
what is the maximum chloride limit for reserve feedwater?
.10 equivalent per million (EPM)
56
what is the maximum salinity indicator reading on an auxiliary condenser?
.02 equivalent per million (EPM)
57
what is the boiler water phosphate test measured in?
Parts per million (PPM)
58
what is the maximum conductivity reading on the inlet of the demineralizer?
15 microhms per centimeter (umhos/cm)
59
what is the maximum chloride limit for final distillate?
.07 equivalent per million (EPM)
60
ships equipped with chelant continuous injection systems shall maintain the feedwater hydrazine level at what range?
10-40 PPB
61
when a salinity indicator is malfunctioning, what action must be taken?
sample and test the effected salinity indicator every 4 hours until the cell is restored
62
what is the maximum hardness limit for reserve feedwater?
.10 equivalent per million (EPM)
63
the deaerating feed tank (DFT) is sampled and chemically tested for dissolved oxygen at what interval?
prior to feeding the boiler, 2 to 3 hours after the boiler is on-line, and daily thereafter while on-line
64
the dissolved oxygen content of the deaerated feedwater shall not exceed what limit?
15 parts per billion (PPB)
65
what is the required PH limit for shore steam?
8.0-9.5 PH units
66
what is the maximum allowable conductivity of shore steam?
25 microhms per centimeter (umhos/cm)
67
what is the required PH of shore source processed feedwater?
5.4 to 8.2 PH units
68
what is the maximum silica content of shore steam?
.20 parts per million (PPM)
69
when are idle reserve feed tanks sampled?
daily, when not in use for more than 24 hours
70
what is the maximum allowable salinity indiactor reading for evaporator air ejector drains?
.065 EPM
71
what is the alkalinity range for a boiler with the Chelant system installed?
.100 to 1.000 EPM
72
what is the phosphate range for a boiler with the chelant system installed?
10 to 40 parts per million (PPM)
73
what is the maximum allowable conductivity reading on a boiler with Chelant?
500 microhms per centimeter (umhos/cm)
74
what is the maximum allowable difference between measure conductivity and the continous conductivity reading?
10 percent
75
how often is the continuous conductivity reading taken?
hourly
76
who takes the continuous reading hourly?
fireroom personnel
77
what is the maximum chloride limit on all naval boilers?
1.00 equivalent per million (EPM)
78
a freshly filled and treated boiler should be steamed within what time?
24 hours
79
routine boiler water samples are taken at what frequency?
at least every 24 hours
80
a boiler water sample shall be taken at what periodicity prior to boiler blowdown?
within 1 hour
81
when shall boiler water samples be taken after surface or bottom blowdown?
30 to 45 minutes after blowdown
82
prior to securing, the boiler must be sampled within?
90 minutes
83
why is a prior to light off sample not necessary on aboiler that ahs been freshly filled and treated?
the sample would not be representative of the boiler water, due to inadequate circulation
84
how long is the chemical injection system aligned to the boiler while injecting treatment chemicals?
10 minutes
85
during a serious contamination incident boiler water samples are drawn at what interval?
every 15-30 minutes
86
when must the boiler be sampled after chemical addition?
60 to 90 minutes after addition
87
a normal surface blowdown will result in what percentage of blowdown
5 percent
88
when are bottom blowdowns performed?
every 360 steaming hours and whenever the boiler is scured for longer than two hours
89
is it allowable to bottom blow a steaming boiler?
no, due to the possibility of breaking circulation
90
what is the minimum pressure, at which a bottom blowdown, shall be performed?
not less than 100 PSI
91
what is the required to be done to all blowdown valves after completion of a 15 minute cooldown period?
.100 EPM alkalinity
92
what is the minimum phosphate level required for boiler light off?
10 parts per million (PPM)
93
what is the dump guideline for alkalinity on a chelant boiler?
alkalinity greater than 2.000 EPM
94
what is the dump guideline for phosphate on a chelant boiler?
100 parts per million (PPM)
95
what is the dump guideline for conductivity on a chelant boiler?
1200 microhms per centimeter (umhos/cm)
96
what is the dump guideline for Chloride on a chelant boiler?
2.50 EPM
97
what is the maximum allowable difference between the continuous conductivity meter and measured conductivity?
10 percent
98
all boiler sample testing must be completed within how many minutes of drawing the sample?
thirty minutes
99
why are dump guidelines established for main propulsion boilers?
to reduce feedwater consumption on steaming boilers
100
who authorizes the addition of treatment chemicals, during casualty control procedures?
engineering officer of the watch
101
what effect does desiccant have on boiler water?
increases silica content
102
how is hydrazine stored onboard ship?
locked in the appropriate locker in the fireroom, oil king maintains the key
103
what is the volume of the chemical injected into the boiler must be weighed and rounded to the nearest?
half ounce
104
what must be worn when mixing trisodium phosphate?
face shield
105
what is nitrogen used for in the continuous treatment system?
to pressurize the continuous treatment tank and force out treatment solution
106
when it becomes necessary to increase Nitrogen pressure in the continuous treatment tank it is increase in what pressure increments?
5 psig
107
what type of damage will occur in the boiler with an Alaklinity of zero a phosphate of less than 10?
scale formation
108
securing the boiler will stop all damage except what?
acid corrosion and oxygen corrosion
109
who must authorize the steaming of a boiler that has conductivity greater than 2,000 umhos/cm?
commanding officer
110
how can feedwater bicarbonate contamination be confirmed?
by testing the feedwater for phosphate
111
feedwater bicarbonate in the feedwater system is indicated by a phosphate level of what?
5 parts per million (PPM) or greater
112
what type of test method is the boiler water phosphate test?
volumetric
113
the dissolved oxygen test is an example of what test method?
colorimetery
114
what are the two classes of sampling errors?
random and systematic
115
if boiler water is inadvertently sampled while a chemical addition is in process and high results are obtained, what type of error has occured?
random
116
what type of error occurs when a sample is drawn from one part of a liquid, when that liquid is not mixed, and different levels of concentration exist throughout?
systematic
117
all feedwater testing shall be completed within?
30 minutes of sampling
118
when reading the buret, if the bottom of the meniscus is below a graduated line, how do you read the value?
read the next higher value
119
all graduated cylinders used for boiler water and feedwater testing are designated in what manner?
TD
120
what doe sthe acronym TD ona graduated cylinder stand for?
to deliver
121
what is the volume of a graduated cylinder?
100 milliliters (ml)
122
the bottom of the buret with the stopper in place shall be how far from the bottom of the reagent bottle?
1/2 inch
123
what does the term volumetric test method mean?
consists of adding a reagent solution of known concentration. from a buret, into a sample of known volume to analyze the concentration
124
what test method is the DR-100 silica test?
colorimetery
125
what is the range of the dissolved oxygen comparator?
0-40 parts per billion (PPB)
126
what color change can be expected, after adding phenolphthalein to the boiler water sample, when conducting a phosphate test?
pink or red
127
the boiler water conductivity test is considered what test method?
electrometric
128
what is the preferred temperature of the Alkalinity sample, when conducting a boiler water alkalinity test?
20 to 30 degrees C
129
what is used onboard ship to calibrate conductivity and PH meters?
standards
130
when must conductivity meters be calibrated?
quarterly and anytime electrical power is interrupted
131
how is the conductivity meter standardized?
by performing the boiler conductivity standard test
132
how are bimetallic thermometers checked, when they are first received from the manufacturer?
ice bath calibration
133
when preparing nitric acid reagent, how much stock solution is used?
50 milliliters (ml)
134
how must mercuric nitrate waste be disposed?
by turning the wate into public works or any naval shipyard, and conforming to any local or state disposal requirements
135
how much stock solution is used to prepare mercuric nitrate reagent?
20 milliliters(ml)
136
how much isopropyl alcohol is required to prepare phenolphtlein indicator?
25 milliliters (ml)
137
how long is prepared phenolphthalein good for?
indefinitely
138
what is the expiration date of prepared methyl purple indicator?
6 months
139
what amount of the sample is used during the boiler alkalinity/ phosphate test?
200 milliliters (ml)
140
what is the expiration date of prepared chloride indicator?
9 months
141
what is the conductivity probed stored in?
distilled water
142
how many flakes of caustic soda are required to prepare dilute caustic soda indicator?
3 flakes
143
what is available to ascertain the reliabilty of technique and equipment?
standards
144
what are the three times that standards are conducted?
quarterly with PMS; when in doubt; when new reagent are prepared
145
what is the only feedwater standard?
hardness standard
146
the alkalinity standard has a range of what?
5.4 to 6.6 equivalent per million (EPM)
147
all stock and treatment chemicals shall be stored at what temperature?
below 100 degrees F
148
where can specific information be found concering boiler water/ feedwater testing and treatment?
NSTM 220 V2
149
what will a salinity indiactor panel read in the check position?
.261 equivalent per million (EPM)
150
all acids must never be stored with what class of chemicals?
alkali
151
what is the flash point of isopropyl alchol?
59 degrees F
152
what NSTM covers specific information on stowayge and handling hazardous waste?
NSTM 670
153
what shall be worn when conducting a dissolved oxygen test to prevent glass cuts?
finger cot
154
all feedwater and boiler water samples, taken to be tested for chloride and hardness, shall be coolef below what temperature?
100 degrees F
155
how many drops of chloride indicator are requiredto perform the feedwater chloride test?
4 to 6 drops
156
why are dimethylgloxime (DMG) crystals used in the feedwater hardness test?
to eliminate nickel preference
157
what is the amount of sample required for the boiler water chloride test?
25 mililiters (ml)
158
what is the expiration date of the hydrazine ampoule comparator?
48 months
159
automatic sampling is accomplished by what means?
conductivity and salinity indiacting cells
160
what is the major interference, in the boiler water alkalinity/phosphate test?
absorption of carbon dioxide, which lowers alkalinity
161
what is the amount of sample required to perform the feedwater chloride test?
100 milliliters (ml)
162
while performing the boiler water conductivity test, how much sample is required?
enough sample to cover the air holes in the conductivity electrode by 1/2 inch
163
who is responsible for all boiler water/feedwater chemistry actions?
engineering officer
164
who recommends treatment action based on log entries?
oil king
165
who initials any feedwater reading that is out of limits?
engineering officer of the watch (EOOW) and the engineering officer
166
who supervises the maintenance of records and reviews the records daily?
Leading chief petty offcier (LCPO)
167
who circles any result which is out limits on the boiler water/feedwater logs?
oil king
168
who else besides the engineering officer signs the monthly water treatment log cover sheet?
commanding officer
169
a complete machinery plant water treatment log package consists of what logs?
cover sheet and monthly boiler data sheet; the daily feedwater chemistry worksheet/log; the daily boiler water chemistry worksheet/log; boiler chemical inventory log
170
how long is the machinery water treatment package retained onboard?
2 years
171
how longs is the reserve/make up feedwater log retained onboard?
3 months
172
how long is the daily fuel and water report retained onboard?
1 month
173
what log would have the latest setting, for main feed pump governors?
monthly boiler data sheet/log
174
what log lists the latest boiler safety valve settings?
monthly boiler data sheet log
175
what log is used for daily salinity/conductivity indiactor comparison readings?
the daily feedwater chemistry worksheet/log
176
what log is used for shore source feedwater tests?
reserve/makeup feedwater log
177
what log is used to record the ships liquid loading precentages?
the daily fuel and water report
178
who sgings the fuel and water report?
engineering officer and main propulsion assistant
179
when does the LCPO, MPA, and engineering officer review and initial the boiler water/feedwater chemistry worksheet logs?
daily
180
EDTA is considered what type of cleaning?
mechanical
181
on what log would the entry for hours since last acid cleaning be logged?
monthly boiler data
182
how many stir rods are stored in the boiler water test cabinet?
six
183
what is the volume of chloride indiactor dropper bottle?
60 milliliters (ml)
184
what is the expiration date for trisodium phosphate?
indefinite
185
with few exceptions, what is the normal expiration date for stock chemicals?
two years
186
what is imposed to prevent chemicals from deteriorating in storage?
shelf life
187
what is the expiration date of mixed bed ion exchange resin?
five years or 60 months
188
what is the expiration date for all standards?
two years
189
how must dissolved oxygen ampules be stored wgen not in use?
stored in their box away from the direct light
190
what log would you find the latest boiler hydrostatic tests data for a 150 percent hydrostatic test?
monthly boiler data sheet
191
when sending reports to higher authorities, whoa re the reports sent to?
type commander, with an information copy set to ISIC, NAVSEA, NAVSSES
192
how is an error corrected on any boiler water/ feedwater log entry?
line through the error and initial the error, then enter the correct number
193
when making log entries, what are two allowable writing instruments, that may be used?
pen or pencil, when using pencil no erasure is allowed
