Bolded terms final Flashcards
(39 cards)
safety culture
attitudes, beliefs, perceptions and values that employees and organizations share in relation to safety
Team
number of people who work together toward a common goal; teams have a defined membership.
Group
people who merely have something in common with other members.
Groupthink
a mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive ingroup, when the members’ strivings for unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action
normalization of deviance
even though behaviors clearly violate safety rules, people within an organization become accustomed to them if they do not immediately cause a catastrophic failure
Total System Design
a comprehensive and integrated design is developed for an entire system rather than focusing on individual components or subsystems in isolation.
Crew Resource Management
training flight crews to reduce “pilot error” by enhancing team aspects of flight operations, including interpersonal communication, leadership, situation awareness, and decision making
Hazard
is something that can potentially cause harm to a person or damage property
Risk
is the probability that a hazard will cause harm or damage
Risk analysis
estimation of consequences associated with particular errors
The Premortem Strategy
a decision-making technique that aims to identify potential problems and risks before a project is implemented.
mental contrasting
imagining the obstacles that may prevent you from reaching your goal
cognitive reframing
viewing something from a different perspective, or in a different context
prospective hindsight
considering a future outcome as if it has already happened, and conceiving of (and generating explanations for) the events that led up to it
Peltzman effect
hypothesized tendency for people to react to a driving safety regulation by increasing other risky behaviour, offsetting some or all of the benefit of the regulation
Risk Homeostasis Theory
the degree of risk-taking behavior, and the magnitude of loss due to accidents and lifestyle-dependent disease are maintained over time–unless target risk level changes
Target risk level
level of risk a person accepts to maximize overall expected benefit from an activity
Shared Space
complete streets where all people i.e. those who drive cars, ride bikes, walk or other share the streets to get where they are going
Anthropometry
measurement of human body and its biomechanical characteristics
carpal tunnel syndrome
inflammation and swelling in the tendons that run through the narrow carpal tunnel in the wrist, compressing the median nerve; causes pain, numbness, and tingling in the fingers
Universal design
The design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design.
equitable use
can be used by people having diverse abilities
flexibility in use
accommodates a range of individual preferences and abilities
simple and intuitive use
easy to understand, despite user’s experience, knowledge, language skills, or concentration level
