Bonding

Question 1

Define ionic bonding

Answer 1

The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 2

What materials does ionic bonding occur in (metal? Non metal?)

Answer 2

Metal with non metal

Question 3

What is ionic bonding in terms of electrons?

Answer 3

A transfer (metals lose, non metals gain)

Question 4

Why does a metal want a full outer shell?

Answer 4

Most stable (like noble gases) = least reactive

Question 5

What’s the structure of an ionic compound?

Answer 5

A giant ionic lattice
With strong electrostatic forces between ions

Question 6

Properties of ionic compounds

Answer 6

High mp + bp, solid = insulators (no free electrons), conductor when liquid (free electrons)

Question 7

What’s the structure of metallic bonding?

Answer 7

Sea of electrons (delocalised) carry charge = conducts
Strong electrostatic forces
Layers can slide over eachother

Question 8

Properties of metals

Answer 8

Solid at room temp, good conductors (sea of electrons), malleable ( layers slide over), shiny, ductile.

Question 9

Advantages of using iron alloys (steel)

Answer 9

They are more corrosion resistant (stainless steel) and harder

Question 10

Uses of polymers

Answer 10

Electrical insulation, clothing (flexible)

Question 11

What is a thermosoftening polymer?

Answer 11

It melts when heated

Question 12

Define a thermosetting polymer

Answer 12

Don’t melt

Question 13

Can ethene or ethan polymerise?

Answer 13

Ethene (only alkenes)

Question 14

What’s the molecule called that is a chain of linked monomers

Answer 14

Polymer

Question 15

What sort of bonds do polymers have?

Answer 15

Covalent

Question 16

What sorts of bonds do alkanes and alkenes have?

Answer 16

Covalent bonds

Question 17

What is the process of making ceramics out of clay?

Answer 17

Moulded then Heating them an oven or kiln = hardens

Question 18

How to make ceramics out of glass?

Answer 18

Heat glass to high temp over furnace, mould then leave to harden = Brittle

Question 19

Define composite

Answer 19

Material made from 2 or more materials that are embedded to have different properties eg fibre glass (glass in plastic) = lower density + strong

Question 20

What are 2 examples of giant covalent structures?

Answer 20

Graphite and diamond

Question 21

Properties of diamond

Answer 21

A giant covalent structure: hard, high mp, doesn’t conduct,

Question 22

Graphite properties

Answer 22

Giant covalent structure: lubricant (slide over layers), high mps, conducts due to one delocalised electron

Question 23

What is graphene?

Answer 23

One layer of graphite, one atom thick carbon, added to materials to increase strength

Question 24

What are fullerenes?

Answer 24

Molecules of carbon shaped as hollow tubes or sphere

Question 25

Uses of fullerenes

Answer 25

Nanotechnology, catalysts (big SA), medical so a drug goes to perfect spot, lubricant

Question 26

What are properties of nanotubes?

Answer 26

Conductors, stretchy and strong

Question 27

Uses of fullerenes in nano technology

Answer 27

Strengthening materials, keep low density, electronics

Question 28

Define covalent bonding

Answer 28

2 non metal atoms sharing electrons to make covalent bonds

Question 29

How are covalent bond diagrams drawn?

Answer 29

H-O-H or as ven diagrams with dot and crosses

Question 30

Simple molecular properties?

Answer 30

Weak forces of attraction between molecules, mp+bp low, don’t conduct (no free), liquid or gas due to weak forces.

Question 31

What is a simple molecular substance?

Answer 31

A substance joined by covalent bonds that contains a few atoms, weak intermolecular forces