Bonding

Question 1

What is Ionic bonding?

Answer 1

A Chemical bond is an electrostatic attraction between a positive and negative electrons.

Question 2

What is Ionic bonding between?

Answer 2

A metal and non metal

Question 3

What is the structure of ionic bonds?

Answer 3

Giant Ionic Lattice

Question 4

What is a covalent bond between?

Answer 4

A covalent bond is between two non metals.

Question 5

How many bonds are needed in a covalent bond between Group 7 elements?

Answer 5

1 bond

Question 6

How many bonds are needed in a covalent bond between Group 6 elements?

Answer 6

2 Bonds

Question 7

How many bonds are needed in a covalent bond between Group 5 elements?

Answer 7

3 bonds

Question 8

What is a metallic bond?

Answer 8

Is a electrostatic attraction between a lattice of positive metal ions and the sea of delocalized electron.

Question 9

What is a delocalised electron?

Answer 9

Electrons that move around freely

Question 10

What is a delocalised electron?

Answer 10

Electrons that move around freely

Question 11

What is the properties of metals?

Answer 11

Can conduct electricity.
Conduct heat
Malleable
Ductile

Question 12

What are metal alloys?

Answer 12

Mixture of metal and one or more substance

Question 13

Why are alloys better then pure metals?
Example - Alloys (Steel) and Pure Metals (Iron)

Answer 13

Pure metals are much more soft reducing its uses as it is mixed with more substances meaning stronger bonds.

Question 14

Describe the structure of atoms in a solid.

Answer 14

Particles are packed closely together

Particles vibrate but cant move around

Question 15

Describe the structure of atoms in a liquid.

Answer 15

Particles are closed together but can move around.

Question 16

Describe the structure of atoms in a gas.

Answer 16

Particles spread far apart

Particles move in all random directions.

Question 17

How does a solid turn into a gas?

Answer 17

Sublimation

Question 18

How does gas to a liquid?

Answer 18

Condensing

Question 19

What is subliming?

Answer 19

When particles are packed together until the gain enough energy to move around and spread apart.

Question 20

What are properties of giant covalent structures?

Answer 20

Very high melting point + boiling point

Graphite conducts electricity

Question 21

Why does giant covalent structures have a very high melting point?

Answer 21

Because a lot of energy is needed to overcome forces of attraction between atoms in the covalent bonds.

Question 22

What are the properties of diamonds and why?

Answer 22

Very hard ( Due to strong covalent bonds)

Very high melting point ( Due to strong covalent bonds)

Does not conduct electricity ( Due to electrons being fixed not able to move freely )

Question 23

How many covalent bonds does each carbon atom in diamond have?

Answer 23

Each carbon atoms has 4 covalent bonds.

Question 24

What are the properties of graphite?

Answer 24

Conduct electricity ( Has delocalised electrons between layers)

Very high melting point ( Strong covalent bonds )

Soft ( This is because the layers can slide past each other)

Question 25

How many covalent bonds does each carbon atom in graphite have?

Answer 25

Each carbon atom has 3 covalent bonds

Question 26

What is the equation for Relative abundance.

Answer 26

(Mass of abundance x abundance) / 100

Question 27

What's abundance?

Answer 27

Measure of how much of something there is.

Question 28

Name 3 properties of ionic compounds.

Answer 28

Very high melting and boiling point. Dissolves in water. Conducts electricity in a liquid.

Question 29

What is a property of a simple covalent molecule?

Answer 29

Low melting point- very weak bonds

Question 30

What is a property of giant covalent structures?

Answer 30

Very high melting point / boiling point. Graphite conducts electricity.

Question 31

Why do giant covalent structures have high boiling points?

Answer 31

This is because a lot of energy is needed to overcome the forces of attraction between atoms in the covalent bonds.

Question 32

What is the first fullerene discovered?

Answer 32

Buckminster fullerene (C60)

Question 33

What are the properties of fullerenes?

Answer 33

High tensile strength Good conductor of electricity Unreactive Large surface area to volume ratio

Question 34

What are the uses of fullerenes?

Answer 34

Reinforcing material Lubricant/catalyst Electronic chips and curved screens Drug delivery in the body

Question 35

What is graphene?

Answer 35

Single sheet of graphite (1 atom thick)

Question 36

What are the properties of graphene?

Answer 36

Low density Strong for its size Electrical conductor Flexible

Question 37

What determines the chemical properties of an element?

Answer 37

The number of energy shells and the number of electrons on the outermost shell determines the chemical propertes of an element

Question 38

What is paper chromatography?

Answer 38

Paper chromatography separates mixtures of substances dissolved in a solvent as they move up a piece of chromatography paper

Question 39

What is distillation?

Answer 39

Distillation is used to separate a liquid from a solid if we want to keep the liquid

Question 40

What is crystallisation?

Answer 40

Crystallisation is used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid

Question 41

Why were there gaps in Mendeleev's periodic table?

Answer 41

Mendeleev's periodic table left gaps for the unknown elements, which when discovered matched his predictions.

Question 42

Why is fractional distillation possible?

Answer 42

The separation is possible because of the different boiling points of the liquids in the mixture.

Question 43

What is fractional distillation?

Answer 43

Fractional distillation is an effective way of separating miscible liquids, using a fractionating column.

Question 44

What are the properties of carbon nanotubes?

Answer 44

Carbon nanotubes have high tensile strength and are also excellent conductors of heat and electricity.

Question 45

Name the main disadvantage of space filling diagrams and ball and stick diagrams?

Answer 45

The main disadvantage of space filling and ball and stick diagrams is that they only show a small part of the giant crystal lattice. Probably wrong.