Bonding

Question 1

Cations

Answer 1

Positive ion
- A sodium atom loses a negatively charged electron to become a positively charged ion. It now has a full outer shell of electrons.

Question 2

Ionic Bonding

Answer 2

The transfer of electrons between atoms
- It is a strong electrostatic force of attraction between a positively charged ion (which has lost an electron) and a negatively charged ion (which has gained an electron).

Question 2

Anions

Answer 2

Negative ions
- A chlorine atom gains a negatively charged electron to become a negatively charged ion. It now has has a full outer shell of electrons.

Question 3

Ionic Compounds

Answer 3

The ionic bonding between a metal and a non-metal and produces an ionic compound. Ionic compounds are called ‘salts’. E.g. Sodium Chloride

Question 4

Ionic Compounds Formula

Answer 4

• Write the symbol for the cation first (metal)
• Write the symbol for the anion second (non-metal)
• Using the PT work out how many electrons the cation will donate and the anion will accept
• Work out how many cations and anions you need to ensure the overall charge of the compound is zero.
• Use subscripts on the right side of the element symbol to indicate you are using more than one ion.

Question 5

Naming Ionic Bondings

Answer 5

• Name the cation first
• Name the anion second
• Change the ending of the anion and add “ide”

Question 6

Polyatomic Ions

Answer 6

Polyatomic ions are created when a number of atoms come together to form a group, and then that group has either a positive or a negative charge.

Question 7

Naming Polyatomic Ions

Answer 7

If there are more than one of a polyatomic ion, then you must put brackets around the whole polyatomic ion and place the number of them in subscript after the brackets.

Question 8

Transitional Metals

Answer 8

Make up the largest section of the periodic table, located at the centre of the table between Group 2 and 3.
- Use roman numerals to indicate the valency in the compound name