Bonding Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is the primary goal of all chemical bonding?
To reach chemical stability.
What is involved in all chemical bonding?
The attraction between oppositely charged particles.
What atoms are in metallic bonding?
It occurs between metal atoms (metal-metal bond).
What happens to valence electrons in metallic bonding?
Each atom loses its valence electrons to reach chemical stability.
What is the behavior of lost electrons in metallic bonding?
The “lost” electrons move within the space between the cations or within the metallic bond.
How are electrons described in metallic bonding?
They are in constant motion (no specific location) and are said to be delocalised.
What role does the sea of electrons play in metallic bonding?
The sea of electrons act like glue holding cations together in the lattice and as a prevention to repulsion.
What is ionic bonding typically between?
Typically occurs between metal and non-metal atoms.
What happens to metal atoms in ionic bonding?
Metal atoms lose their valence electrons, turning into cations.
What do non-metal atoms do in ionic bonding?
They take the lost electrons to reach chemical stability, turning into anions.
What is the nature of the attraction in ionic bonding?
Cations and anions are attracted to each other due to having opposite charges. (This is the ionic bond)
What can ionic bonding involve?
It can involve monatomic and polyatomic ions.
What do ionic substances form?
They form lattices, and the formula tells us the ratio of the anions in the lattice.
What is covalent bonding typically between?
Typically involves non-metal atoms (non-metal to non-metal bond).
Why don’t non-metal atoms just form an ionic bond?
Because the non-metal atoms are both closer to reaching chemical stability by gaining rather than losing.
What happens to valence electrons in covalent bonding?
Electrons are shared between the two atoms marked in the bond.
How do shared electrons behave in covalent bonding?
They move so fast between the two atoms that they are considered to belong to both atoms.
What is required for a covalent bond?
Each covalent bond requires 2 electrons to be shared between the 2 atoms.
How does a coordinate covalent bond happen?
It occurs when one of the two atoms shares both electrons needed for the bond.
What are shared electron pairs called?
Bonding pairs.
What are non-shared electron pairs called?
Non-bonding pairs or lone pairs.
