Bonding

Question 1

Ionice Bonding

Answer 1

strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions

loss or gain or electrons

3D giant ionic lattice

Question 2

Melting and Boiling poitns in ionic

Answer 2

very high

very strong electrostatic forces to break

Question 3

Condutivity of Ionics

Answer 3

solids do not conduct but they do when they are molten or in solution as the ions are free to move

Question 4

Covalent Bonding

Answer 4

sharing a pair of electrons

Question 5

Co ordinate bond

Answer 5

formed between lone pairs of electrons and a H+ ion

both electron come from the same atom

Question 6

2 types of covalent bonds

Answer 6

macro molecular

simple molecular

Question 7

Macro Molecular mp and bp

Answer 7

very high as alot of energy is needed to break the string covalent bonds

Question 8

simple molecular mp and bp

Answer 8

very low as you do not break the strong covalent bonds themselves but you break the weak intermolecular forces between them which does not require a lot of energy

Question 9

Metalic Bonding

Answer 9

cations in a sea of delocalised electrons

metal atoms detached from their outer electrons

Question 10

Conductivity of metals

Answer 10

very good conductors on either state as the energy is carried by the delocalised electrons

Question 11

Malleable

Answer 11

can be beaten into shape easily without having to be broken

Question 12

Sliding

Answer 12

layers of cations ‘slide’ over each other while still bonded by the elcetrons
sliding can occur in all dimensions

Question 13

Down the Metal Group melting point

Answer 13

decreases
same number of delocalised electrons but cation gets larger
less attraction to so easily lost

Question 14

Across a Metal Period melting point

Answer 14

increases
number of delocalised electrons increases
charge increases
stroner attraction so harder to remove

Question 15

Across Metal Period conductivity

Answer 15

increases
more delcoalised electrons
more charge to carry energy

Question 16

Polar Covalent Bond

Answer 16

occurs when electron pairs are shared unevenly

due to electronegativity

Question 17

Electron pull in PCB

Answer 17

towards the more electronegativity

away from the less electronegativ atom

Question 18

Partial Charge

Answer 18

Delta Positive

Delta Negative

Question 19

Dipole

Answer 19

molecule which is still neutral but contains partial charge that cancel out each other

Question 20

Dipole Dipole

Answer 20

stronger attrcation between neighboruing molecules which also contain partial charges

Question 21

Melting and Boiling Point of PCB

Answer 21

higher than expected

Question 22

Solubility in Water of PCB

Answer 22

Increased solubility

Question 23

Elcetronegativity

Answer 23

Ability of an atom to attract a pair of electrons in a covalent bond

Question 24

increases

Answer 24

across periods

Question 25

decreases

Answer 25

up groups

Question 26

Nuclear Charge

Answer 26

more protons | stronger attraction between nucleus and bodning pair of electrons

Question 27

Aromic Radius

Answer 27

closer to the nucleus | stronger attraction between nucleus and bonding pair of electrons

Question 28

Shielding

Answer 28

less shells of electrons between the nucleus and the electrons less shielding (less repulsion) stronger attraction between nucleus and bonding pair of electrons

Question 29

Down a group Electronegativity

Answer 29

decreases atomic radius increases more shielding less attraction between nucleus and bonding pair of electrons

Question 30

Across a period Electronegativity

Answer 30

increases atomic radius decreases more nuclear charge stronger attraction between nucleus and bonding pair of electrons

Question 31

No Difference in Electronegativity

Answer 31

non polar covalent bond

Question 32

<0.5 electronegativity

Answer 32

covalent bond

Question 33

0.5<1.7 electronegativity

Answer 33

polar covalent bond

Question 34

>1.7 electronegativity

Answer 34

ionic bond

Question 35

both electrongeativites <1.5

Answer 35

metalic bonding

Question 36

Intermolecular Forces

Answer 36

weak electrostatic forces of attraction between neighbouring molecules

Question 37

3 types of intermolecular forces

Answer 37

Hydrogen Bonding Dipole-Dipole forces Van de Walls forces

Question 38

Hydrogen Bonding

Answer 38

only between Flourine, Oxygen, Nitrogen deshielding the Hydrogen making it slightly positive (delta positive) attarction betweena lone pair on NOF and a deshielded hydrogen

Question 39

In Liquids Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 39

are continuosly breaking and reforming

Question 40

In Solids Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 40

are permanent

Question 41

In Gases Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 41

are completly broken

Question 42

As Electronegativity decreases Hydrogen Bond Strength

Answer 42

decreases

Question 43

Dipole Dipole Forces

Answer 43

uneven electron disribution | differences in electronegativity

Question 44

Permanet dipole causes

Answer 44

a permenant dipole in a neighbouring molecule

Question 45

Van De Waal Forces

Answer 45

weakest intermolecular force atoms donate elctrons to the cloud leading to a momentary tempory dipole

Question 46

when do Van De Waals occur

Answer 46

only happen when the other 2 intermolecular forces are not present can occur when there is dipole dipole but they are disregarded

Question 47

VDW get stronger

Answer 47

as the number of electrons in the molecule increases

Question 48

Boiling Points of Noble Gases down the group

Answer 48

Increase | as electron shells are added

Question 49

starigh chain molecules

Answer 49

stronger van de waals forces | molecules can get closer

Question 50

branched chain molecules

Answer 50

weaker van de walls forces | molecules are less close