bonding and properties - chemistry revision topic 4

Question 1

what are ionic bonds?

Answer 1

ionic bonds are formed between metals and non metals. the metal loses its outer shell electrons and transfers them to the non metal, so that both the metal and non metal have full outer shells. the ionic bond is the result of the strong force of attraction between the oppositely charged ions

Question 2

what are the particles formed from ionic bonding called, and what is the name for the positively and negatively charged ones?

Answer 2

• they are called ions
• the positively charged ones are called cations (pawsitive)
• the negative ones are called anions

Question 3

how is the electric conductivity in ionic compounds?

Answer 3

• ionic compounds do not conduct electricity when solid as the ions are fixed in position
• when molten or dissolved in water they do conduct electricity as the ions are mobile/ free to move

Question 4

what are properties of ionic compounds?

Answer 4

• ionic compounds have high melting points and boiling points as they have strong electrostatic forces of attraction between positive and negative ions that require a lot of energy to overcome
• ionic compounds are giant lattices. they alternate positive and negative ions in their structure

Question 5

when creating ionic bonds, how do you know if the ion should be positive or negative?

Answer 5

if the metal is losing an electron, it is positive, and if the non metal gains an electron, it is negative

Question 6

what are polyatomic ions and some examples?

Answer 6

they are ions which each consist of several atoms joined together but with a positive or negative charge overall.
2-
sulfate: SO
4

                - nitrate: NO
                3

                     2- carbonate: CO
                      3

                                           - hydrogen carbonate: HCO
                                           3

                      3- phosphate: PO
                      4

                       - hydroxide: OH

Question 7

what do the endings ‘ate’ and ‘ide’ indicate in atoms?

Answer 7

• ate means oxygen is present
• ide means they’re are two elements involved

Question 8

what is covalent bonding?

Answer 8

• occurs between non metals
• involves sharing of metals
• one shared pair = one covalent bond

for example, with HCl, H has 1 electron and Cl has 7, so they both need an electron, so they share the electrons so they both have full outer shells

Question 9

how are single, double and triple bonds caused?

Answer 9

• a single bond occurs when you share two electrons, double when four are shared and triple when six are shared

Question 10

what are properties of the simple covalent bonds?

Answer 10

• strong covalent bonds do not get broken
  weak intermolecular forces:
• do not require a lot of energy to overcome
• low melting and boiling points

they both do not conduct electricity as there are no charged particles present (ions or electrons)

Question 11

what is displacement?

Answer 11

displacement is when the atom of the more reactive element displaces the atom of the less reactive element from its compound